Sofyan Sabi’s sea-dwelling community has fished beneath the waves off the Indonesian coast for centuries, but climate change and overfishing have forced him and many of his contemporaries on land to make a living.
The Bajau tribe of fishers led a nomadic life at sea for generations, spending days and nights on boats with thatched roofs in the waters between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
Members of the tribe learn to dive from a young age and their bodies have adapted over time to allow them to fish underwater for longer periods, researchers say.
Photo: AFP
However, for the hundreds of Bajau living on the tiny boardwalk island village of Pulau Papan in Indonesia, their ancestors’ unique way of life has all but died out.
“We changed professions. We are fishermen who work at a farm. Farming gives better income because there are many crops I can plant,” Sofyan said, adding that he owns a nearby two-hectare plot to grow corn and bananas.
“Sometimes we earn nothing by going to sea. Sometimes there are fish, sometimes there aren’t any,” the 39-year-old said.
Trained to hold his breath between 10m and 15m deep since he was a child, Sofyan still scans the waters for sea cucumbers or an octopus that could earn him as much as 500,000 rupiah (US$31).
Researchers attribute the Bajau ability to dive deeper and longer to a possible genetic mutation that has given them larger spleens, allowing their blood to store more oxygen.
However, commercial overfishing and rising temperatures have made sea catches increasingly unpredictable, said Wengki Ariando, a researcher at Thailand’s Chulalongkorn University who has studied the Bajau.
“They are facing decreasing marine resources,” he said.
As temperatures rise, fish migration and mating patterns change, corals are bleached and the food chain changes.
More than half of Indonesia’s 11 fishery management areas are now listed as fully exploited.
The nation’s fish stocks fell from 12.5 million tonnes in 2017 to 12 million tonnes in 2022, Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries data shows.
“The fish are decreasing because too many people are catching them,” said 52-year-old fisher Arfin, who goes by one name.
A dilapidated jetty takes visitors along turquoise waters onto Pulau Papan.
Davlin Ambotang, who lives on the island, says the Bajau first started to settle there three generations ago.
“They saw this island as suitable for building houses, so they settled there. No longer nomads, moving around,” he said.
However, life on land has its own challenges. Davlin’s brother runs a homestay banking on tourist visits. He complains that authorities direct visitors to sleep at government-built cottages instead of helping Bajau businesses flourish.
“There’s no additional income for the people. The government controls everything,” Sofyan said. “There are many arguments between them and the locals.”
The long stateless Bajau grew increasingly settled in villages such as Pulau Papan in search of government recognition.
“The Bajau changed their livelihood because to get accepted as a people in Indonesia they have to be settled,” said Wengki, adding that the drive to register them officially began in the 1990s under former Indonesian president Suharto.
Wooden boats sit at the edge of the island, while a main walkway cuts through it, splintering off into side jetties.
The village hosts a silver-domed mosque. On a makeshift court, women play a game of volleyball, while a group of men sit around smoking cigarettes.
“The young generation, they look like they are missing their identity,” Wengki said. “They are more like a land-based community.”
With Internet access available on land, the Bajau have set up groups on social media with thousands of followers, helping each other with their problems.
“There is no development, nothing. From the district government, there were donations, each family gets two to three bags of rice every month,” said Tirsa Adodoa, a housewife in her 20s whose husband is a fisher. “It’s not enough if we only rely on catching octopuses. If the octopus price drops like right now ... it’s not even enough for us to eat or buy things.”
But others yearn for the nomads to keep their seafaring ways — worrying future generations would be less like their boat-dwelling ancestors.
“Once they feel comfortable, it won’t be easy for them to go back to the sea,” said fisher Muslimin, 49, who goes by one name. “I wish they could work only as fishermen, because it’s fun. There are too many difficulties on the land.”
Airlines in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia and Singapore yesterday canceled flights to and from the Indonesian island of Bali, after a nearby volcano catapulted an ash tower into the sky. Australia’s Jetstar, Qantas and Virgin Australia all grounded flights after Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki on Flores island spewed a 9km tower a day earlier. Malaysia Airlines, AirAsia, India’s IndiGo and Singapore’s Scoot also listed flights as canceled. “Volcanic ash poses a significant threat to safe operations of the aircraft in the vicinity of volcanic clouds,” AirAsia said as it announced several cancelations. Multiple eruptions from the 1,703m twin-peaked volcano in
A plane bringing Israeli soccer supporters home from Amsterdam landed at Israel’s Ben Gurion airport on Friday after a night of violence that Israeli and Dutch officials condemned as “anti-Semitic.” Dutch police said 62 arrests were made in connection with the violence, which erupted after a UEFA Europa League soccer tie between Amsterdam club Ajax and Maccabi Tel Aviv. Israeli flag carrier El Al said it was sending six planes to the Netherlands to bring the fans home, after the first flight carrying evacuees landed on Friday afternoon, the Israeli Airports Authority said. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also ordered
Former US House of Representatives speaker Nancy Pelosi said if US President Joe Biden had ended his re-election bid sooner, the Democratic Party could have held a competitive nominating process to choose his replacement. “Had the president gotten out sooner, there may have been other candidates in the race,” Pelosi said in an interview on Thursday published by the New York Times the next day. “The anticipation was that, if the president were to step aside, that there would be an open primary,” she said. Pelosi said she thought the Democratic candidate, US Vice President Kamala Harris, “would have done
Farmer Liu Bingyong used to make a tidy profit selling milk but is now leaking cash — hit by a dairy sector crisis that embodies several of China’s economic woes. Milk is not a traditional mainstay of Chinese diets, but the Chinese government has long pushed people to drink more, citing its health benefits. The country has expanded its dairy production capacity and imported vast numbers of cattle in recent years as Beijing pursues food self-sufficiency. However, chronically low consumption has left the market sloshing with unwanted milk — driving down prices and pushing farmers to the brink — while
RSS