Dili has not discussed military cooperation with Beijing in its upgrade of diplomatic ties, East Timorese President Jose Ramos-Horta said, adding that Australia and Indonesia can “sleep at peace” because the island nation would not be a security concern to its neighbors.
China’s increasing assertiveness in efforts to form security ties with developing countries in close proximity to Australia have raised alarm bells in Canberra, and a recent shake-up of Australia’s defense has refocused on protecting its northern approaches.
A Comprehensive Strategic Framework signed by Dili during a meeting between East Timorese Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao and Chinese President Xi Jinping (習近平) in China last week covered development cooperation in agriculture and infrastructure, the Nobel laureate said in a telephone interview with Reuters.
The agreement also provided scope for funding from China, including government and commercial loans to East Timor, he said.
“Right now we don’t have a single loan from China,” he said. “In the future we might request a loan from China ... We will not accept any unmanageable, unsustainable loan with too high interest payment.”
Some Australian politicians expressed concern after China’s state media on Saturday reported that Beijing’s agreement with East Timor, about 700km northwest of Australia, also covered military exchanges.
China last year struck a security pact with Solomon Islands, 2,000km to Australia’s northeast, heightening Canberra’s wariness about Beijing’s naval ambitions.
“It was never discussed in terms of military cooperation, never discussed, and the Chinese side also never raised this issue,” Ramos-Horta said.
East Timor, also known as Timor Lester, aims to join ASEAN by 2025 as it seeks to reduce high poverty rates.
“We would never bring in a foreign element into Timor Leste that would be viewed by the rest of ASEAN as endangering ASEAN policy of neutrality or peace and security,” he said.
“Indonesia and Australia, we can include Singapore and Malaysia, they are the countries that are closest to us, can always sleep at peace -— Timor Leste is not going to be a nuisance, a concern in terms of security,” he said.
East Timor has extensive security cooperation with Australia, which is also its top aid donor, with Canberra providing military and police advisers and patrol boats, he said.
“This is so far only with Australia,” he said.
China’s support was primarily in infrastructure, including government buildings, finance, agriculture and health, he said.
A large delegation of Chinese companies arrived in Dili on Thursday to continue discussions on potential investment in oil and gas projects, he said.
The main focus for East Timor is finalizing a joint venture agreement with Australian company Woodside Energy for the joint development of the Greater Sunrise gas project, he said.
East Timor is looking to start producing natural gas from its Greater Sunrise fields around 2030, which would be critical to its economy.
Australia has appointed an envoy to speed up negotiations between East Timor and Woodside; Gusmao’s government wants gas to be piped to East Timor and not Australia.
Ramos-Horta said food security remains a major issue for East Timor, 22 years after gaining independence from Indonesia, and it needed investment in irrigation and roads, and to provide financial incentives to farmers to “feed its people.”
Australia, as one of the world’s most developed agriculture nations, should commit funds and technology to the UN’s International Fund for Agricultural Development, along with European nations and the US, to address the agriculture challenges being posed by climate change to small farmers globally, he said.
“Otherwise we are heading to human tragedy in years to come,” he said.
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