Cambodia’s UN-backed Khmer Rouge war crimes court yesterday gave its final verdict, upholding the genocide conviction and life sentence imposed on the regime’s last surviving leader.
The tribunal was ruling on an appeal by Khieu Samphan, head of state for the Khmer Rouge regime, which wiped out one-quarter of the Cambodian population in less than four years in the 1970s.
It is the last verdict to be issued by the tribunal, which has cost more than US$330 million and prosecuted five Khmer Rouge leaders, two of whom died during proceedings.
Photo: AFP / NHET SOK HENG/ Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC)
“The Supreme Court chamber finds no merit in Khieu Samphan’s arguments regarding genocide and rejects them,” Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Chief Judge Kong Srim wrote in the lengthy ruling.
The court also upheld the 2018 convictions against the 91-year-old for multiple crimes against humanity — including murder, torture and enslavement — on the basis of a “joint criminal enterprise,” even if he did not personally take part in all crimes.
It backed the earlier ruling that Khieu Samphan had “direct contemporaneous knowledge of the commission of crimes and shared the intent for their commission.”
However, it reversed convictions on murder and persecution charges relating to two specific locations.
The hybrid court, with Cambodian and international judges, was set up to try the senior leaders of the regime, which wiped out about 2 million people through starvation, torture, forced labor and mass executions during its 1975 to 1979 rule.
Then-Cambodian leader Pol Pot, known as “Brother No. 1,” never faced justice, dying in 1998 before the court was set up.
The genocide conviction relates to the persecution of ethnic-minority Vietnamese, seen by the Khmer Rouge as treacherous enemies within.
Judge Kong Srim said the charges related to “some of the most heinous events” during the Khmer Rouge’s blood-soaked rule.
The frail Khieu Samphan sat hunched in a wheelchair in the dock, listening intently to the lengthy ruling through headphones.
His argument that the Khmer Rouge was simply a political movement, aimed at improving the lives of Cambodians, was rejected by the court.
“By no stretch of the imagination could it be seriously stated that the CPK revolution was implemented in a benevolent or altruistic manner,” the ruling said, using an abbreviation for the Communist Party of Kampuchea, the Khmer Rouge’s official name.
About 500 people packed into the courtroom to hear the verdict, including Khmer Rouge survivors, Buddhist monks, diplomats and government officials.
“I want justice for all victims because we suffered so much. The Pol Pot regime was so brutal,” survivor You Soeun, 67, told reporters.
Alongside Khieu Samphan in the 2018 case, “Brother No. 2” Nuon Chea was also sentenced to life for genocide and other crimes, including forced marriages and rapes.
Nuon Chea died in 2019.
The two men were given life sentences by the court in 2014 for crimes against humanity in another case related to the violent forced evacuation of Phnom Penh in April 1975, when Khmer Rouge troops drove the population of the capital into rural labor camps.
The only other person convicted by the special court was Kaing Guek Eav, better known as Duch, head of the notorious S-21 torture interrogation center, where about 18,000 people were murdered.
Duch also died several years after being convicted.
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