After the world missed almost all of its targets to protect nature for the past decade, observers following a new round of negotiations are focusing as much on how goals would be put in place as the headline targets.
Nearly 200 nations were taking part in talks until yesterday, aimed at fine-tuning a draft text to preserve biodiversity by 2050, with key milestones at 2030, which is to be adopted at the UN COP15 conference later this year.
Nations are striving to increase their ambitions in the face of stark warnings that humanity is driving devastating declines in the biodiversity, but the world failed almost entirely to reach a similar set of 10-year objectives set a decade ago at UN talks in Aichi, Japan.
“The Aichi targets were largely missed because of lack of political will and parties not prioritizing them enough,” said Anna Heslop of the non-governmental organization ClientEarth, which is following the talks in Geneva, Switzerland. “There was just a lack of implementation. We can’t afford to be in that position again in 10 years.”
The text under negotiation includes a series of proposals to avoid repeating the same mistakes.
“What we need is a better system for encouraging parties to plan and report, and then the global community needs to do something. It is keeping these three elements is the challenge,” said a delegate, who asked not to be named.
Nations should develop stronger action plans to use natural resources sustainably, the Paris-based Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI) said.
There should also be a more robust reporting system, with nations periodically measuring progress and passing on data that feeds into a global assessment, it added.
Currently, each nation draws up its national biodiversity plan on a different basis, making comparisons difficult. To address this, the delegations in Geneva are trying to develop common indicators to measure progress.
“Let’s put in place mechanisms for collective and individual review, which will increase the pressure, and this affects ambitions and implementation at the national level,” IDDRI researcher Juliette Landry said.
Conservation groups want national action plans to be updated regularly after COP15 with progress reports and a global stock take before 2030. That way, nations and the international community can see if they are going off track and increase their efforts, but more reporting and administration requires more funding, and biodiversity-rich developing nations say they would need both financial and technological support to meet the obligations.
“You cannot ask people to do spatial planning if they don’t have the means,” a delegate said.
Another IDDRI proposal is the creation of a compliance mechanism, although Landry said that this would not be an exercise in finger-pointing. Instead she said it would show the “gaps between what the countries had planned and what they implemented,” and enable problems to be addressed and for nations to share their experiences.
So far, there has been little appetite for such a mechanism, but without one “all of this process is meaningless,” said Oscar Soria of the advocacy group Avaaz.
“Because nobody will take responsibility and nobody will take the convention seriously from the outside,” Soria said.
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