Continued from yesterday（延續自昨日）
https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang
The African buffalo’s voting system is straightforward. One buffalo initiates the process by getting up, looking intently in a particular direction, and lying back down. If other buffalo agree with this choice, they will mimic this behavior. Conversely, buffalo with a differing preference will face their desired location. Ultimately, the direction favored by the majority dictates where the herd will graze that evening.
Photo: AdobeStock I 照片： AdobeStock
Not all buffalo are involved in the decision-making process, though. It’s primarily the adult females of the herd that participate. The voting system displays a certain level of fairness because the status of each buffalo in the group has no bearing on individual voting power. Every adult female, regardless of their social standing, has an equal voice. By exercising their collective wisdom through voting, African buffalo guarantee a full stomach for all.
非洲水牛的投票系統很簡單。一頭水牛站起來、專注看著特定方向、重新躺下以開始這個程序。如果其他水牛同意這個選擇，牠們就會模仿這個行為。相反地，具有不同偏好的水牛會面對牠們想要的位置。最終，大多數水牛偏好的方向決定了牛群當晚的吃草地點。
不過，並非所有水牛都會參與這個決策過程。主要是牛群中的成年雌性參與。投票系統表現出一定程度的公平性，因為群體中每頭水牛的地位並不影響個體的投票權。每頭成年雌性水牛 ── 無論其社會地位如何 ── 都擁有相等的發言權。非洲水牛透過投票發揮集體智慧，確保全體水牛都能飽餐一頓。
Words in Use
4. periodically adv. 定期地
The manager checks in with the team periodically to track progress.
該經理定期聯繫那個小組以追蹤進度。
5. gaze vi. 凝視，盯著看 & n. 凝視，目光
The husband and wife often sit by the lake and gaze into each other’s eyes.
那對夫妻經常坐在湖畔邊凝望彼此的雙眼。
My mother shifted her gaze from me to my brother, trying to find out who was lying.
我媽把目光從我身上移到我弟，試著要找出誰在說謊。
Practical Phrases
2. have no bearing on... 對……毫無影響
bearing n. 關聯
Minor grammatical errors have no bearing on the overall quality of the essay.
文法小錯誤不影響該論文整體的品質。
聽文章朗讀及講解: https://ivy.pse.is/455bfu
本文出自常春藤解析英語雜誌: www.ivy.com.tw
A: Singer Jay Chou is staging four shows at the Taipei Dome starting today. B: And he’s the first singer to ever hold concerts at the venue. A: I’m curious, how big is this “big egg” exactly? B: It can accommodate nearly 40,000 people and bring various kinds of business opportunities. A: This is the new “concert economy” trend. A: 歌王周杰倫從今天起，將一連4天在大巨蛋開唱。 B: 哇，周董可是首位在大巨蛋舉辦演唱會的歌手耶！ A: 大巨蛋到底有多大啊？真好奇。 B: 每場可容納近4萬人，還能帶來各種商機呢。 A: 嗯，這就是現在最夯的「演唱會經濟」。 （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張聖恩）
A: I’ve been a fan of singer Jay Chou for 24 years, since his debut in 2000. B: But this time, his Taipei Dome concerts have shed light on the issue of ticket scalping. A: Isn’t the law stricter after being amended last year? B: Yeah, ticket scalping is illegal, even if you only raise the price by NT$1 when reselling. A: Why aren’t scalpers afraid of getting caught? Maybe a real-name ticketing system would be better. A: 自從周杰倫2000年出道以來，我都已經追星24年了。 B: 不過這次大巨蛋開唱，他卻引爆黃牛票問題。 A: 去年修法後，法規不是變得比較嚴格？ B: 是啊，就算加價1元轉賣也算違法！ A: 黃牛們怎麼都抓不怕？或許票券「實名制」會更有用。 （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張聖恩）
When a large group of people struggles to reach a consensus, voting is often used to help make a decision. Surprisingly, humans are not the only animals that exhibit this type of democratic tendency. Several different species of animals demonstrate similar voting behavior. One of the most notable examples of animals engaging in this activity involves African buffalo. Ecologist Herbert Prins first observed herds of African buffalo performing voting behavior in the 1990s. Groups of African buffalo would pause under the intense midday sun and rest until dusk. Prins noticed that some buffalo would periodically stand up and gaze
Continued from yesterday（延續自昨日） https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang The African buffalo’s voting system is straightforward. One buffalo initiates the process by getting up, looking intently in a particular direction, and lying back down. If other buffalo agree with this choice, they will mimic this behavior. Conversely, buffalo with a differing preference will face their desired location. Ultimately, the direction favored by the majority dictates where the herd will graze that evening. Not all buffalo are involved in the decision-making process, though. It’s primarily the adult females of the herd that participate. The voting system displays a certain level of fairness because the status of each buffalo in
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