Social Distancing 的“social” 是指什麼?
各國政府為了控制疫情,都提出寬嚴不一的social distancing 措施,所謂 social distancing,就是透過非藥物的感染控制手段 (nonpharmaceutical interventions) 隔離人群,避免、減少人際接觸,以減少感染機會,讓死亡率降到最低 (minimize disease transmission and mortality)。
Social distancing 最適用於會透過飛沫傳染 (droplet contact)、直接/間接接觸傳染 (direct/indirect physical contact) 以及空氣傳染 (airborne transmission) 的傳染病,因為將人群隔離、減少接觸,可以有效阻絕病毒傳播。具體的措施有:鼓勵人待在家、限制外出、外出時保持人與人之間的距離等。
Photo/Graphic courtesy of Bookman l 圖片:書林
但是,社會心理學也有一個很接近的術語 Social Distance(社會距離),應注意兩者不要混淆。
「社會距離」係指人與人、群體與群體之間的等級或關係親疏的程度。譬如生活在大都會的民眾,要接觸很多人,為保持自己心理的平衡,都市人不過分熱情,個體與外界保持距離,甚至鄰居互不往來。
Social distancing 是為了防止疾病傳播,保持(人際/社交)安全距離,social distancing 的 social一詞,指的是「人際」、「社交」,不宜直譯為「社會」。
另有少部分華文報導譯為「社交隔離」:
社交隔離值不值?剖析經濟學 vs. 流行病學的量化權衡
(2020 年4 月27 日,《華爾街日報》)
但如此一來,又容易與另一個心理學名詞 social isolation(社交隔離/社交孤立)搞混,所以不宜如此翻譯。
防疫必備詞彙:社交距離
社交距離 social distancing
避免人潮 avoid crowds
集中檢疫 collective quarantine
接觸者追蹤 contact tracing
遏制疫情 contain the epidemic
防疫破口 infection control breach
文章由書林出版公司提供:
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《英語的對與錯》,《世紀病毒:必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等
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