2020 年 4 月 6 日媒體報導 〈連假後憂爆第三波疫情 醫師提醒出門最需擔心「隱性感染者」〉，側面反映出防疫最大的威脅之一就是所謂的「隱性感染者」。「隱性感染」英文是 subclinical infection/inapparent infection/silent infection，「隱性感染者」則是 subclinical infected person，其實就是「無症狀帶原者」 (asymptomatic carrier)。Asymptomatic 是 showing no symptoms 的意思。
在討論疫情傳播途徑時，「接觸傳播」是 contact transmission，「飛沫傳播」是 droplet transmission，「空氣傳播」是 airborne transmission，「社區傳播」是community transmission，「社區擴散」是 community spread，「局部傳播」是 local transmission。
此外，「群聚感染」英文是 cluster infection，「院內感染」是 hospital-acquired infection/nosocomial infection。
Photo/Graphic courtesy of Bookman 圖片:書林
台灣第 19 例新冠肺炎確診病例是名「白牌車」(unlicensed taxi) 司機，陳時中部長特別說明這個病例可算是「*社區感染」，不是「社區傳播」。陳部長說明社區傳播的特性是：「在社區中走動都會被感染」。它具有四個徵兆：
1. 確診病例無法找到傳染來源；
2. 本地感染個案數已遠超過境外移入感染個案數；
3. 已經出現持續性的傳播鏈；
4. 有廣泛發生的群聚感染 (cluster infection) 事件。
部長提到的兩個名詞在英文中應該是 local transmission 和 community spread，嚴格來講，中文應該說「局部傳播」與「社區傳播」或「社區擴散」，語意上會較為清楚。我們醫衛系統使用的「社區感染」譯自英文 local transmission，但從中文字面，很容易與「社區傳播」(community transmission) 混淆。根據伊利諾州醫衛部對 local transmission 的解釋：Limited local confirmed transmission is defined as a single, locally acquired case, or cases clustered in a single household or nearby houses，它的意思是「只侷限在一家或附近幾家的很小範圍內感染」。在醫學上，身體的「局部感染」英文叫 local infection。因此 local transmission 一詞宜譯為「局部傳播」、「侷限傳播」或「有限度感染」，會比「社區感染」清楚。
國家教育研究院雙語審譯會 2020 年 4 月份開會決議，將 local transmission 譯為「局部傳播」，將 community spread 譯為「社區擴散」。
文章由書林出版公司提供：
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等
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