Narges Mohammadi, the recipient of the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize, was born in Iran in 1972. For the past 45 years, the country has been governed by an authoritarian regime. As a consequence of her activism, Mohammadi has been arrested 13 times, convicted five times and sentenced to 31 years in jail and 154 lashes with a whip. According to the Nobel Committee, she won the award for “her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her efforts to promote human rights and freedom for all.”
Raised in a middle-class family, Mohammadi looked forward to a bright future. Everything changed after the Islamic revolution in 1979, when she witnessed her activist uncle and two cousins being taken away by the police on political charges. Subsequently, she found herself caught up in the wave of political unrest.
Throughout Mohammadi’s life, she has faced multiple arrests. One of these occurred in 2011, when she was sentenced to 11 years in jail. After being released on bail two years later, Mohammadi began to campaign against the use of the death penalty, which led to her being arrested and sentenced again in 2015. However, her time in jail hasn’t stopped her efforts, and she still opposes the regime’s violence against political prisoners, especially women.
Photo: Ivy English 照片：常春藤
The announcement of Mohammadi being awarded the prize followed a year of protests in Iran. These activities were triggered by the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini, who was arrested by Iran’s morality police for not wearing her headscarf correctly in September 2022. The Nobel Committee stated that the prize was also for Amini, the 500 demonstrators killed in the protests and the thousands who were injured. Mohammadi refuses to be silenced even in prison, and receiving the Nobel Peace Prize has only strengthened her resolve to continue fighting for human rights.
納爾吉斯穆罕默迪是2023年諾貝爾和平獎得主，生於1972年伊朗。過去四十五年，該國一直由一個獨裁政權統治。由於她的行動主義，穆罕默迪已經被拘捕十三次、定罪五次，並被判處入獄三十一年，且曾受一百五十四下鞭刑。根據諾貝爾委員會的說法，她贏得獎項是因為其「對抗伊朗婦女所遭受的壓迫，並為促進所有人的人權和自由努力」。
穆罕默迪在一個中產階級的家庭長大，期待著一個光明的未來。一切都在1979年伊朗伊斯蘭革命後改變，當時她目睹身為社會運動人士的舅舅和兩個表兄弟因政治指控而被警方帶走。隨後，她發現自己捲入了政治動盪的浪潮。
Photo: Ivy English 照片：常春藤
穆罕默迪的一生中曾多次面臨逮捕。其中一次發生在2011年，她被判處入獄十一年。穆罕默迪兩年後保釋出獄，之後便開始投身反對死刑的運動，這導致她2015年再次被逮捕並遭判刑。然而她在監獄中的日子並未阻礙她的努力，她仍反對政權對政治犯（尤其是對婦女）實施的暴力。
穆罕默迪獲頒此獎項的宣布是在伊朗為期一年的抗議活動之後。這些抗議活動是因二十二歲的瑪莎艾米尼之死所引起，她在2022年9月因未正確戴頭巾而被伊朗的道德警察逮捕。諾貝爾委員會表示，這個獎項也是為了艾米尼、在抗議活動中喪生的五百名示威者以及數千名受傷的人。即使在牢中，穆罕默迪也拒絕沉默，獲得諾貝爾和平獎只是加強了她繼續爭取人權的決心。
What Did You Learn?
1.Which of the following events did NOT happen in 2022?（多選題）
(A) The Islamic revolution.
(B) Mohammadi was arrested for the first time.
(C) Hundreds of protesters were killed.
(D) Thousands of protesters suffered injuries.
(E) Mohammadi accepted the Nobel Peace Prize.
(F) Mahsa Amini died after being arrested by the police.
2. In what order did the following events take place in Mohammadi’s life?（簡答）
(A) Mohammadi saw her relatives being arrested.
(B) Mohammadi was arrested for her opposition to capital punishment.
(C) Mohammadi was set free before her period in prison was finished.
(D) Mohammadi fought against the treatment of those arrested for political reasons.
(A) → __________ →__________→__________
3. 請從文章中找出最適當的一個單詞（word）填入下列句子的空格中，並視語法需要作適當的字形變化。（填充）
Even behind bars, Mohammadi won’t stay _____. She emphasizes that receiving the Nobel Peace Prize has only made her more determined to continue in the fight for human rights.
答案 :
1. A、B、E 2. C、B、D 3. silent
Word in Use
1. recipient n. 接受者
Unfortunately, my name wasn’t on the list of recipients of the prize. 很不幸地，我的名字沒在受獎名單上。
2. convict vt. 證明……有罪，判刑
The politician was convicted of bribery.
那名政客因收受賄賂而遭判刑。
3. revolution n. 革命
The political revolution will definitely go down in history.
這場政治革命一定會名留青史。
4. witness vt. 目睹，看到
Owen witnessed the murder that took place in an alley last night. 歐文目睹了昨晚發生在巷子裡的謀殺案。
5. subsequently adv. 隨後，後來
Ed was arrested last night. Subsequently, he was taken to the police station for questioning.
艾德昨晚被逮捕。隨後，他被帶到警察局進行審問。
Practical Phrases
1. be sentenced to... 被判……的刑罰
sentence vt. 判刑
Your son can be sentenced to three years in prison under the existing legislation.
按現行的法令，你兒子可能會被判三年有期徒刑。
2. in jail 在獄中，坐牢，監禁
= in prison
Matthew was in jail for two years.
馬修曾坐過兩年牢。
3. find oneself caught up in...
發現自己陷入或捲入……
I never thought I’d find myself caught up in such a complex office dispute.
我從未想過自己會陷入這麼複雜的辦公室紛爭。
Ivy 熊小知識
morality police 表「道德警察」，即指導巡邏隊，為伊朗執法部門於 2005 年設立的緝捕隊，主要工作是逮捕違反伊斯蘭著裝規範的人，尤其是女性是否遵守伊斯蘭的服裝規範，例如是否正確佩戴希賈布（指穆斯林婦女穿著的頭巾，也泛指穆斯林風格的服裝）。
聽文章朗讀及講解: https://ivy.pse.is/455bfu
本文出自常春藤解析英語雜誌: www.ivy.com.tw
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