Carry-on baggage 登機行李 /
Check-in baggage 托運行李
通常各航空公司的網站上，都能在Baggage Information的地方找到行李規定，分為carry-on baggage （登機行李）與check-in baggage（托運行李）。以某間航空公司的carry-on baggage規定來看：
Photo: Pixabay 圖片來源:Pixabay
Most travelers can bring on board one full-sized carry-on baggage plus one personal item free of charge.
（大多旅客能免費攜帶一件全尺寸的登機行李外加一件個人物品。）
on board是副詞片語，用來形容動詞bring，能夠「攜帶…登機」的意思；所謂的full-sized carry-on baggage即「全尺寸登機行李」。
在此規定中所指的personal item「個人物品」通常是背包、手提行李、筆電包或相機包等。free of charge為多益常考片語「免費」的意思，charge為名詞「費用」，有時也會以with no extra charge「不收額外費用」來說明。
體積、重量限制：
Maximum dimension / weight
接著在說明行李大小限制的地方，會以這樣的方式呈現：
The maximum dimensions for a carry-on bag are 22cm x 35cm x 56cm, including handles and wheels.
（登機行李最大尺寸為22公分x 35公分 x 56公分，包含手把及滾輪。）
maximum在這裡做形容詞用，表「最大值的」，而dimension就是含長、寬、高或厚度的「尺寸」。這個句子主要動詞為何為are而非is？那是因為它所描述的主詞為dimensions而非carry-on bag，因此須使用複數be動詞are而不能用is。
當你發現自己的登機行李可能超重或超過尺寸限制時，會發生什麼情況呢？舉一間航空公司的規定：
Any item above the carry-on and personal item allowance will be checked to your final destination, and checked baggage service charges may apply.
（任何超過上述登機箱及個人物品容許範圍之行李將會被拖運到您的最終目的地，而托運行李的服務可能產生額外費用。）
Above在這裡為介係詞「在…之上」的意思。allowance這個名詞除了是「零用錢」之外，在此指的是「容許範圍」，源自動詞allow「允許」。
be checked to是「被托運到某處」用to這個介係詞後面接上地點，check本身是動詞「托運」的意思。而destination就是「目的地」，也是多益旅遊情境的高頻單字之一。在這邊提到service charges may apply，用apply這個動詞表示相關費用可能「產生；適用」的情況。
除了體積之外，托運行李還有重量限制，常會用 maximum weight per bag來說明每件行李的最大重量限制。當你發現可能需要拖運超過航空公司規定數量的件數，或是托運行李可能超重或過大時，則可至網站上的excess baggage restrictions「超額行李限制」查找資訊，必定會包含overweight baggage（過重行李）以及oversized baggage（過大行李）等費用規定。
注意，各地有不同規定，就要看清楚你的目的地是位於哪個geographical region（地理區域），通常會以列表形式呈現，舉在澳洲與紐西蘭地區的行李超重費用為例：
Travel to / from / within Australia and New Zealand：
*100USD/CAD/EUR for bags weighing 51-70 lbs (23-31.75kg)
*Bags exceeding 71 lbs (31.75kg) are not allowed.
（前往、往返或在澳洲及紐西蘭內旅行：
*超過51-70磅 （或23-31.75公斤）之行李加收100元美金／加幣／歐元
*不接受超過71磅（31.75公斤）之行李。）
上文中用到exceeding「超過的」這個現在分詞，源自動詞exceed「超過」，來修飾先行詞bags，指超過上述重量的行李bags exceeding … lbs or kg是不被允許的。
禁止攜帶 prohibit
最後，在打包前，最好確認自己是否放了不能帶上飛機的物品。航空公司在違禁品方面的警告如下：
Certain items are considered hazardous and, by federal law, are prohibited from all our flights. Visit the TSA Web site for the most current list of what can and cannot be transported on passenger aircraft.
（某些被聯邦法視為危險的物品將被所有班機禁止。請參考美國運輸安全署(TSA) 網站查詢可以及不能被攜帶至客機上的最新物品清單。）
文中用到are considered + 形容詞，就是「被視為…的」。Hazardous為形容詞「危險的」，等同於dangerous的意思。
而多益常考的prohibit動詞「禁止」在這裡當過去分詞prohibited使用，有形容詞的作用為「被禁止的」，後面用介係詞from接上是被誰給禁止的。current在此指「最新的；最近期的」之意，同義詞為多益常考的up-to-date。
【多益模擬試題】
1. Any goods that do not arrive in perfect __________ may be returned to CMA Company free of charge.
(A) situation
(B) reception
(C) condition
(D) qualification
2. Dangerous objects such as inflammable goods, explosive objects, and pets are strictly __________ in the center.
(A) prohibit
(B) prohibited
(C) prohibiting
(D) prohibition
【解析】
1.正確答案(C) condition。選項(A)情況、(B)接待、(D)資格，因此僅選項(C)「狀態」符合句意。
題意為「任何無法以完美狀態送達之貨品將可免費被退還給CMA公司。」
2.正確答案為(B) prohibited。此空格必須為被動式，表「嚴格被禁止的」意思，因此(B)為正解。選項(A) 為原型動詞、(C)為動名詞皆是主動式，而(D)為名詞，因此僅(B)符合此句文法結構。題意：「所以易燃物、爆裂物、及寵物等危險物件在此中心皆是嚴格被禁止的。」
文章由TOEIC Program Taiwan · Chun Shin提供：
www.facebook.com/ToeicProgramTaiwan
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