The United Auto Workers (UAW) union on Sept. 15 launched strikes at three US auto plants after failing to reach an agreement over new contracts, the first-ever simultaneous labor action against the Detroit Three automakers.
The UAW contracts at General Motors, Ford Motor and Chrysler parent Stellantis expired at 11:59 p.m. EDT on Sept. 14.
Detroit automakers, like their global counterparts, have been focused on cost reductions, which in some cases include job cuts, to help accelerate a shift to electric vehicles (EVs) from gasoline-powered vehicles.
Photo: AFP 照片：法新社
The UAW is pushing automakers to eliminate the two-tier wage system under which new hires earn as much as 25 percent less than veterans.
UAW President Shawn Fain has said repeatedly that the union will push to restore pay improvements tied to the cost of living and retiree benefits cut during the 2008-2009 economic crisis.
The UAW also wants strong salary increases, given the financial success of the automakers, citing generous executive payouts and large US federal subsidies for EV sales.
Photo: AFP 照片：法新社
The union also wants defined benefit pensions for all workers restored, 32-hour work weeks and additional cost-of-living hikes, job security guarantees and an end to the use of temporary workers.
The UAW has been wary of the industry shift to EVs and called on the Biden administration to soften its proposed vehicle emission cuts that would require 67 percent of new vehicles to be electric by 2032.
EVs require fewer parts to build, and industry officials have said that will result in a need for fewer workers. Fain has said there should be no jobs lost because of the EV shift.
Photo: EPA-EFE 照片：歐新社
The Detroit Three want to close the cost gap they have with foreign automakers with non-unionized US factories.
Ford sources estimate that their US labor costs are US$64 an hour, compared with an estimated US$55 for foreign automakers and US$45 to US$50 for EV leader Tesla.
The companies also want greater flexibility in how they use their US workforces to increase efficiency and cut costs as the industry shifts to EVs.
The industrial action hit the Detroit Three automakers as they ramp up efforts to maximize gasoline and EV vehicle production to capitalize on demand for new vehicles.
A full strike would hit earnings at each affected automaker by about US$400 million to US$500 million per week assuming all production was lost, Deutsche Bank previously estimated. Some losses could be recouped by boosting production schedules later, but that possibility fades if a strike extends to weeks or months.
(Reuters)
美國汽車工人聯合會（UAW）與美國三家汽車廠未能就新合約達成協議，UAW在9月15日發起了罷工，這是首次同時針對底特律三大汽車製造商的罷工。
通用汽車、福特汽車及克萊斯勒母公司斯泰蘭蒂斯與UAW的合約於美東時間9月14日晚上11點59分屆期。
底特律汽車製造商與全球同業一樣，一直努力降低成本（在某些情況下包括裁員），以便加速從汽油動力車轉向電動車（EV）。
UAW正敦促汽車製造商取消兩級工資制度──在該制度下，新進員工的薪水比舊員工低25%。
UAW主席尚‧費恩多次表示，工會將努力恢復有關生活成本與退休人員福利的調薪措施，這些措施在2008-2009年經濟危機期間被削減。
由於汽車製造商大賺其錢，美國汽車工人聯合會也希望大幅加薪，理由是高層主管薪酬豐厚，以及美國聯邦政府對電動車銷售的大幅補貼。
工會還希望恢復所有工人的固定福利退休金，要求每週工作時數為32小時、因應物價上漲的加薪、工作保障，以及停止使用臨時工。
UAW一直對汽車製造業轉向電動車持謹慎態度，並呼籲拜登政府軟化所擬議的汽車減排措施──該措施要求，到2032年，67%的新車應為電動車。
製造電動車所需的零件更少，車業官員表示，這將導致所需之工人減少。費恩說，轉向電動車不應導致失業。
底特律三巨頭希望縮小與無工會組織之外國車商美國廠的成本差距。
福特消息人士估計，他們在美國的勞動力成本為每小時64美元，而外國車商為55美元，電動車領頭羊特斯拉則為45至50美元。
隨著產業轉向電動車，這些公司還希望在使用美國勞動力上有更大的彈性，以提高效率並降低成本。
底特律三大汽車製造商正盡可能提高汽油及電動車之產量，以滿足市場對新車的需求，此次罷工對這些車商造成了打擊。
德意志銀行先前估計，若失去所有生產力，全面罷工將使每家受影響的汽車製造商每週損失約4億至5億美元的收入。一些損失可透過之後提高產能來彌補，但若罷工持續數週或數月，這種可能性就會越來越小了。
（台北時報林俐凱編譯）
A: Yet another shopping mall has just opened in Taipei. B: Do you mean the Mitsui Shopping Park LaLaport Nangang? A: Yeah, the shopping mall run by Japanese Mitsui & Co. opened last week. B: I hear the mall features about 300 stores, Vieshow Cinemas and Japanese Lopia supermarket. A: With the opening, a war is breaking out between Taipei’s department stores. A: 台北又有新的購物商場可逛啦。 B: 你是說Mitsui Shopping Park LaLaport 南港？ A: 對啊這家日本三井集團旗下的商場上週開幕。 B: 聽說商場有威秀影城、樂比亞日系超市，還有多達300家專櫃。 A: 新商場一開幕，看來又要掀起一場百貨大戰啦！ （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張迪）
A: Hey, didn’t you go to the opening of the Mitsui Shopping Park LaLaport Nangang last week? B: Yeah, there are about 300 shops, including the first overseas branch of Japan’s Mahou Dokoro — a famous Harry Potter-themed store. A: Wow, I’ve always wanted to get a magic wand. B: There are also a bunch of great restaurants, such as Smart Fish hotpot restaurant. A: I wish I had Harry Potter’s “apparition” and “disapparition” magic, so I could teleport to the mall right now. A: 你上週不是有去LaLaport南港的盛大開幕嗎？有什麼特別的？ B: 那裡有多達300家專櫃，包括魔法之地的海外首店——它可是日本知名的《哈利波特》專賣店。 A: 哇我一直想買根魔杖。 B: 另外還有各式各樣的美食，像是林聰明沙鍋魚頭。 A: 真希望我也有哈利波特的「現影術／消影術」魔法，能瞬間移動到商場去！ （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張迪）
When it comes to movies, some people delight in watching spine-chilling horror films. Surprisingly, apart from containing a few scares, horror movies may also offer an unexpected __1__. According to a study, watching 90 minutes of a scary movie can burn an average of 113 calories, which is roughly __2__ to taking a 30-minute walk. Researchers from the University of Westminster carried out an experiment in which they __3__ participants’ oxygen intake, carbon dioxide output, and heart rates while they were watching horror movies without any distractions. The results revealed that physiological responses to fear play a crucial role
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