隨著新冠肺炎疫情趨緩,世界各國開始逐步解封或鬆綁防疫限制,台灣也將在11月7日實施四大鬆綁措施,盼能讓人民生活儘快回到正軌、恢復經濟。就讓我們透過各國解封的話題,學習相關的多益單字吧!
lift、reopen 解除(封鎖)
More and more countries are gradually lifting lockdowns
Photo: Pixabay 圖片來源:Pixabay
(越來越多國家正逐步解封中。)
lift在此為動詞,也可做名詞使用,較常見的字義為「抬起;舉高」,不過也有「解除」之意,通常後面可接lift a ban(解除禁令)、lift some restrictions(解除限制)等名詞。
「解封」的英文也可使用reopen,為「重新開啟」之意,名詞為reopening。除了禁令與限制的解除外,限制的「鬆綁」也有許多動詞可用,如to loosen/ease/relax the lockdown restrictions(放寬限制)。
The prime minister has unveiled the three-step plan to ease coronavirus restrictions.
(總理公布了三階段解封計畫,以鬆綁新冠肺炎的防疫限制。)
另外,lift 當名詞用時也有幾個生活化的字義,在英國lift有「電梯」的意思,也就是美國用的elevator一字,還有另一個實用的口語字義就是「搭便車」。
I’m also going to the train station. Do you need a lift?
(我正好也要去火車站,你需要搭便車嗎?)
compulsory 強制的
The governments of Germany and Spain have made mask-wearing compulsory on public transport.
(德國和西班牙政府皆強制規定搭乘大眾交通運輸時須配戴口罩。)
此處的compulsory為形容詞,意思是「強制的;必須做的;義務的」,如義務教育compulsory education、必修課程compulsory course。
Statistics is not a compulsory subject in the Foreign Language Department.
(統計學並不是外文系的必修課。)
mandatory、obligatory 必須的
其他多益常考的同義字還有mandatory與obligatory,雖然這三個字意思都是「必須的」,但在使用情境上仍有些微差別。mandatory較偏向「強制的;強迫的」,特別是指法律規定的命令或限制,與compulsory的互通性較高,而obligatory意思則較偏向於「義務的」,特別是指符合道德、社會規範或法律而必須做的事,不僅限於法律規定。
1.可通用的情況:必要的;強制的
A health examination is obligatory/mandatory/compulsory before employees start working.
(員工開始工作前必須先經過健康檢查。)
Since 2019, wearing a helmet on all motorized vehicles including electric scooters is obligatory/mandatory/compulsory in California.
(自2019年起,在加州騎乘所有機動車輛,包含電動車,皆必須戴安全帽。)
2.不可通用的情況:義務的;道義的
When Mr McAllen lost South Carolina, he at first refused to make the obligatory congratulatory call to Ms Anderson.
(當麥克艾倫先生輸掉南卡羅來納州的選舉時,起初還拒絕撥一通道義上的恭賀電話給安德森小姐。)
resurgence 再現;復甦
Shanghai Disney Resort shuts down due to the COVID resurgence.
(上海迪士尼度假區因為新冠疫情再起而關閉。)
resurgence為名詞,動詞為resurge,字首「re-」有「重新、再次」之意,而surge本身就是「激增;蜂擁」的意思,「-ence」則為名詞結尾。
同樣可用來描述疫情復發、再現的還有reemergence,為「再度出現」。另外還可用spike來描述病例的「激增;上漲」,spike一字原為「尖狀物;釘子」,像是龐克風的衣著常有的鉚釘就可稱為spike;用在描述數據圖表時,spike可用來表示上升的曲線,也就是「激增」的意思。
The Department of Health warned that flu cases have spiked across the state.
(衛生部警告,全州流感病例激增。)
【多益模擬試題】
1. The research suggested __________ only 69 percent of employees began the compulsory online courses, and the non-completion rate was as high as 75 percent.
(A) if
(B) that
(C) when
(D) with
2. High-waisted jeans, trendy in the 1980s, are having a __________ in popularity among the youth today.
(A) reverse
(B) disparity
(C) resurgence
(D) confirmation
【解析】
1.正解為(B)。題意為「研究指出僅有69%員工開始必修線上課程,未完成度高達75%」,suggest後的空格應選擇that為引導名詞子句的從屬連接詞,故(B)為正解。
2.正解為(C)。題意為「1980年代流行的高腰牛仔褲,在時下的年輕人中再度流行起來」,選項(A)翻轉、(B)差異、(C)復甦、(D)確認,故僅(C)符合句意為正解。
SOURCE: https://www.englishok.com.tw/toeic/toeic-issue/lift-lockdown
文章由 English OK 授權使用: www.englishok.com.tw
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