One of the functions of the present perfect tense (“I have done”) is to say that something which happened in the past, and is now complete, has significance that stretches to the present. One simple example of this is the sentence “I have eaten a lot of food.” Here, the eating part has finished, but the point of the sentence is that the speaker is no longer hungry, or is feeling a little uncomfortable, or is worried about putting on weight, or is no longer able to eat a large meal, or is saying that they really enjoyed the meal. Note that the specific nature of the significance to the present is not explicitly stated. To simply communicate the fact of having eaten, the speaker could just say “I ate a lot of food,” using the past simple tense (“I did”).
Grammatically speaking, this also means that, when using the present perfect — when the result, and not the action itself, is the important thing — we should not use a specific time reference such as “yesterday” or “an hour ago.” Again, this is where the simple past is used: “I ate a lot of food yesterday.”
The above apply to both American and British English. However, the present perfect is used much more regularly in British English; the use of the simple past is commonly used to communicate this function of the present perfect in American English.
That is, an exchange in British English might go:
“Have you registered to vote yet?”
“Yes, I registered last week.”
In American English, the same exchange might be:
“Did you register to vote yet?”
“Yes, I registered last week.”
(Paul Cooper, Taipei Times)
現在完成式(例如「I have done」,我已經完成)的功能之一,是表示過去發生的事,現在已經完成,有從過去延伸到現在的意涵,例如「I have eaten a lot of food」(我已經吃了很多東西)這個簡單的句子。此處「吃」這個動作已經完成,但這句話的目的是表示說這話的人已經不餓了,或感覺有點不舒服,或擔心體重增加,或沒辦法多吃,或表示這頓飯吃得很開心。請注意,雖然此例句的過去完成式賦予它這些言外之意,但這句話字面上並未明確表達這些意義。若單純只是要表達已經吃過飯這個事實,只要說「I ate a lot of food」(我吃了很多食物)就可以了,所用的是簡單過去式(I did)。
就文法而言,這也表示我們不應把「yesterday」或「an hour ago」等時間參照用在現在完成式,因為現在完成式的重點是結果,而不是動作本身。時間參照是像這樣用在簡單過去式的句子:「I ate a lot of food yesterday」(我昨天吃了很多食物)。
以上的描述對美式和英式英文皆適用,但英式英文更常用現在完成式。在美式英文中,通常是以簡單過去式來表達現在完成式的這個功能。
這也就是說,一段對話在英式英文中大概會是這樣:
「Have you registered to vote yet?」(你登記投票了嗎?)
「Yes, I registered last week.」(對,我上週登記了。)
相同的對話用美式英文,可能會是這麼說的:
「Did you register to vote yet?」(你登記投票了嗎?)
「Yes, I registered last week.」(對,我上週登記了。)
(台北時報林俐凱譯)
A: Hey, didn’t you go to the opening of the Mitsui Shopping Park LaLaport Nangang last week? B: Yeah, there are about 300 shops, including the first overseas branch of Japan’s Mahou Dokoro — a famous Harry Potter-themed store. A: Wow, I’ve always wanted to get a magic wand. B: There are also a bunch of great restaurants, such as Smart Fish hotpot restaurant. A: I wish I had Harry Potter’s “apparition” and “disapparition” magic, so I could teleport to the mall right now. A: 你上週不是有去LaLaport南港的盛大開幕嗎?有什麼特別的? B: 那裡有多達300家專櫃,包括魔法之地的海外首店——它可是日本知名的《哈利波特》專賣店。 A: 哇我一直想買根魔杖。 B: 另外還有各式各樣的美食,像是林聰明沙鍋魚頭。 A: 真希望我也有哈利波特的「現影術/消影術」魔法,能瞬間移動到商場去! (By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times/台北時報張迪)
When it comes to movies, some people delight in watching spine-chilling horror films. Surprisingly, apart from containing a few scares, horror movies may also offer an unexpected __1__. According to a study, watching 90 minutes of a scary movie can burn an average of 113 calories, which is roughly __2__ to taking a 30-minute walk. Researchers from the University of Westminster carried out an experiment in which they __3__ participants’ oxygen intake, carbon dioxide output, and heart rates while they were watching horror movies without any distractions. The results revealed that physiological responses to fear play a crucial role
Bilingual Story is a fictionalized account. 雙語故事部分內容純屬虛構。 Echo pulled out a worn and tattered shoe box under father’s large oak desk. “Mariko, what should we do with these family photos?” Mariko stared at the old box with a slightly hurt expression, and then blankly at the photos. “Throw them in the garbage pile. . . along with that old, ratty box,” she murmured. She resented that her father had not cared enough to find a nicer home for the family photos. “Father never really cared about me anyway.” Echo’s emotion sensor detected sorrow. ”Mariko, that is
Dos & Don’ts — 想想看,這句話英語該怎麼說? 1. 你覺得這部電影怎樣? ˇ What do you think of the movie? χ How do you like the movie? χ How do you think of the movie? 註︰What do you think of = What is your opinion of。 think 的受詞是 what,不能用 how。 2. 你認為哪一個歌星唱得最好? ˇ Which singer do you think is the best? χ Do you think which singer is the best? 註︰英語中 which singer 似乎是 do you think 的受詞,實則 do you think 是插入語,其他例子如下: 你以為他喜歡誰? Who do you think he likes? 你以為我住在哪裏? Where do you think I live? 你想我昨天在公園裏碰到了誰? Whom/Who do you think I met in the park yesterday? 3. 他不論到什麼地方,總是帶著一把雨傘。 ˇ No matter where he goes, he