While studying hermit crabs in Taitung County’s Sanxiantai area last month, Professor Chiu Yuh-wen of National Cheng Kung University recorded 14 Coenobita brevimanus — a species of land hermit crab — using discarded plastic as their shells. Even when they were able to find shells, the shells were either broken or too small to provide proper coverage and protection.
Chiu says that this absurd situation is due to a shortage of available shells. Many coastal hermit crabs have similar problems, differing only in degree and the nature of the substitutes available. Some hermit crabs in Tainan, for example, also have trouble finding suitable shells, says Chiu, but they do have those of Achatina fulica — a type of African land snail — available, as they inhabit areas in Tainan near farmland and windbreaks. However, unlike the hard shells of shellfish, snail shells are too thin, fragile and are easily broken.
According to Chiu, hermit crabs have trouble attaching themselves to the smooth inner side of the plastic cover. Also, unlike the natural shells of shellfish, plastic caps and broken shells do not provide effective cover for their pincers, so they have limited defensive effect. As a result, hermit crabs using plastic caps and broken shells cannot effectively defend themselves against predators, and neither do the caps guard against evaporation of body moisture, let alone provide adequate protection for females during the breeding season, Chiu says.
Photo courtesy of Chiu Yuh-wen
照片:邱郁文提供
Chiu says that shellfish are used for human consumption, and restaurants are not returning the empty shells of edible shellfish to the shores. Consequently, there is an insufficient supply of shells for hermit crabs.
The most urgent task at the moment, says Chiu, is to find shells for hermit crabs. He says that members of the public could collect shells and place them at the entrance of Sanxiantai, and encourages visitors to do so. The long-term solution, however, lies in sustainable conservation of the habitat, reducing pollution and proper fishery resource management.
(Liberty Times, translated by Lin Lee-kai)
Photo courtesy of Chiu Yuh-wen
照片:邱郁文提供
成功大學教授邱郁文上月到台東三仙台調查寄居蟹生態,記錄到十四隻短腕陸寄居蟹,竟然背的幾乎都是垃圾塑膠殼,而少數有殼可背的個體,不是殘破不堪的破殼,就是無法蔽體的小殼。
邱郁文表示,寄居蟹的殼源不足,造成塑膠製品成為荒謬的替代品,很多海岸的寄居蟹也都有類似的問題,只是嚴重程度及面臨的問題不一樣。他以台南的寄居蟹為例,一樣面臨無合適的殼可背的困境,但台南這裡因靠近農地、防風林,有非洲蝸牛的殼可以代替,但蝸牛殼又薄又脆弱易破,對寄居蟹來說遠不如堅硬的螺殼理想。
他說,塑膠蓋光滑的內側,導致寄居蟹無法以腹肢穩定的勾住;而塑膠蓋和破損的殼,無法讓牠們的大螯如在天然螺殼中一般, 可有效形成密閉的防守位置,因此除了無法有效禦敵外,更無法防止身體水分蒸發,更遑論母蟹在繁殖期可以順利抱卵釋幼。
Photo courtesy of Chiu Yuh-wen
照片:邱郁文提供
邱郁文表示,因為螺貝類面臨人類獵捕的壓力,這些可食用的螺貝類送到餐廳後,吃完的殼並不會回到海岸,而造成寄居蟹的殼源不足。
他說,目前最迫切的,就是得先幫牠們找個殼。建議可在三仙台的入口設置貝殼募集點,再鼓勵遊客送到現場。而治本得做好棲地環境維護,削減污染以及漁業資源管理的永續經營,這得長時期投入才能達成。
(自由時報記者蔡文居)
Photo courtesy of Chang Yuan-mou
照片:張原謀提供
A: Yet another shopping mall has just opened in Taipei. B: Do you mean the Mitsui Shopping Park LaLaport Nangang? A: Yeah, the shopping mall run by Japanese Mitsui & Co. opened last week. B: I hear the mall features about 300 stores, Vieshow Cinemas and Japanese Lopia supermarket. A: With the opening, a war is breaking out between Taipei’s department stores. A: 台北又有新的購物商場可逛啦。 B: 你是說Mitsui Shopping Park LaLaport 南港? A: 對啊這家日本三井集團旗下的商場上週開幕。 B: 聽說商場有威秀影城、樂比亞日系超市,還有多達300家專櫃。 A: 新商場一開幕,看來又要掀起一場百貨大戰啦! (By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times/台北時報張迪)
A: Hey, didn’t you go to the opening of the Mitsui Shopping Park LaLaport Nangang last week? B: Yeah, there are about 300 shops, including the first overseas branch of Japan’s Mahou Dokoro — a famous Harry Potter-themed store. A: Wow, I’ve always wanted to get a magic wand. B: There are also a bunch of great restaurants, such as Smart Fish hotpot restaurant. A: I wish I had Harry Potter’s “apparition” and “disapparition” magic, so I could teleport to the mall right now. A: 你上週不是有去LaLaport南港的盛大開幕嗎?有什麼特別的? B: 那裡有多達300家專櫃,包括魔法之地的海外首店——它可是日本知名的《哈利波特》專賣店。 A: 哇我一直想買根魔杖。 B: 另外還有各式各樣的美食,像是林聰明沙鍋魚頭。 A: 真希望我也有哈利波特的「現影術/消影術」魔法,能瞬間移動到商場去! (By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times/台北時報張迪)
When it comes to movies, some people delight in watching spine-chilling horror films. Surprisingly, apart from containing a few scares, horror movies may also offer an unexpected __1__. According to a study, watching 90 minutes of a scary movie can burn an average of 113 calories, which is roughly __2__ to taking a 30-minute walk. Researchers from the University of Westminster carried out an experiment in which they __3__ participants’ oxygen intake, carbon dioxide output, and heart rates while they were watching horror movies without any distractions. The results revealed that physiological responses to fear play a crucial role
Dos & Don’ts — 想想看,這句話英語該怎麼說? 1. 你覺得這部電影怎樣? ˇ What do you think of the movie? χ How do you like the movie? χ How do you think of the movie? 註︰What do you think of = What is your opinion of。 think 的受詞是 what,不能用 how。 2. 你認為哪一個歌星唱得最好? ˇ Which singer do you think is the best? χ Do you think which singer is the best? 註︰英語中 which singer 似乎是 do you think 的受詞,實則 do you think 是插入語,其他例子如下: 你以為他喜歡誰? Who do you think he likes? 你以為我住在哪裏? Where do you think I live? 你想我昨天在公園裏碰到了誰? Whom/Who do you think I met in the park yesterday? 3. 他不論到什麼地方,總是帶著一把雨傘。 ˇ No matter where he goes, he