Explorers helped Portugal establish colonies in Brazil and parts of Africa and Asia during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, leaving a lasting impact on Portugal and the rest of the world.
十五、十六世紀時，航海探險家幫助了葡萄牙在巴西和非洲、亞洲一帶建立殖民地，對葡萄牙和世界其他國家產生了深遠的影響。
PHOTO: AP
A closer look 說古論今
For almost half of the twentieth century, dictators who were determined to keep control over the country's colonies ruled Portugal.
PHOTO: EPA
Chief among the dictators was Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, who ruled over Portugal from 1932 to 1968. Salazar led Portugal into the costly Portuguese Colonial War, a series of battles fought between the Portuguese military and independence movements in Portugal's African colonies.
Fed up with the war and the leadership of the dictators, a group of leftist military members overthrew the dictatorship in a bloodless coup on April 25, 1974. The day is now celebrated as a national holiday and is known as the Revolution of the Carnations.
Portugal gave up control of all its African colonies within two years of the coup and over the next decade developed into a stable democracy.
Today Portugal is among the world leaders in renewable energy. Prime Minister Jose Socrates says he wants 45% of Portugal's energy to come from renewable sources by 2010, and Portugal recently opened what officials claim is the most powerful solar power plant in the world.
Religion plays a major, although decreasing, role in Portuguese society. About 85% of Portuguese are Roman Catholic, but only about a third regularly go to church. One possible reason for such a low attendance rate could be Sunday football matches. Few priests, however, would consider football to be a legitimate excuse for not attending mass.
(Michael Kearney, Staff Writer)
二十世紀近半世紀，葡萄牙都是由一心想要控制國家殖民地的獨裁者所統治。
安東尼奧˙德奧利維拉˙薩拉查是葡萄牙的獨裁者，從一九三二年到一九六八年間統治了葡萄牙。薩拉查使葡萄牙捲入了代價慘重的殖民戰爭，展開葡萄牙軍隊和殖民地獨立運動之間一連串的戰役。
一群左翼軍隊份子受夠了戰爭和獨裁者的領導，在一九七四年，四月二十五日發起了不流血軍事政變，推翻了獨裁政權。如今這一天成為葡萄牙國慶假日，也是眾所皆知的康乃馨革命。
政變後兩年內，葡萄牙放棄了所有非洲殖民地的統治，並於十年之後，發展成一個安定的民主國家。
現今葡萄牙扮演了世界再生能源的領導角色之一，葡萄牙總理荷西˙蘇格拉底表示，可望西元兩千一零年前，葡國全國能源消費比例有百分之四十五是來自再生能源。此外，葡國最近也啟動了聲稱世界上規模最大的太陽能發電廠。
雖然宗教信仰情況在葡萄牙社會有逐漸下降的趨勢，但是它還是扮演了葡萄牙社會主要的角色。全國有大約百分之八十五的人口是天主教徒，不過其中只有三分之一的人會定期地去作禮拜。如此低的出席率，其中一個可能的原因是每逢星期日的足球比賽。然而，罕有神父會認為看足球比賽是可以不參加彌撒的正當理由。（翻譯：楊鴻泰）
WHO KNEW? 你知道嗎?
Oporto, a city in northern Portugal, is most famous for its port wine. For almost 500 hundred years, port has been produced in Oporto by combining red wine and brandy, and about 70 years ago, white port was invented. Almost all of the world's most famous ports are made in this area of Portugal.
The wine is produced in Oporto, but the vineyards are on the banks of the River Douro, about 100 miles inland. The grapes are still usually crushed by foot to enhance the wine's flavor. Demand for port has increased in recent years, in part because of the increasing popularity of Australian wines. The Australian wines tend to be very robust in flavor, which helps accustom people to the bold tastes they can expect when sipping on a glass of port.
波圖是葡萄牙北部一個港口城市，其出產的波酒最為有名。波酒有將近五萬年的歷史，由紅酒和白蘭地混合所釀造而成，而白色波特大約是在七十年前發明。世界上幾乎所有最有名的波酒都是在這個地區所製造。
雖然葡萄酒在波圖製造，但是葡萄園位於內陸大約一百英哩的杜若河河岸處。在製造葡萄酒過程中，葡萄仍然常常需要用腳去踩踏，來加強酒的香味。近年來，波酒的需求量漸增，部分原因是由於澳洲葡萄酒日漸普及。由於澳洲葡萄酒味道非常醇厚，幫助人們在品嚐波酒時，比較容易習慣它的強烈氣味。
ABOUT MONGOLIA 國家概況
Size: 92,391km2, or about 2.6 times the size of Taiwan
Location: Southwestern Europe
Border country: Spain
Capital: Lisbon
Population: about 10.6 million
Languages: Portuguese, Mirandese
Government: parliamentary democracy
Currency: 1 euro = 45.15 New Taiwan dollars
面積：九萬兩千三百九十一平方公里，相當於台灣的二點六倍
位置：西南歐
鄰國：西班牙
首都：里斯本
人口：約一千零六十萬人
語言：葡萄牙文，米蘭德斯語
政府：議會民主政體
貨幣：一歐元等於新台幣四十五點一五元
FLAG 國旗
Portugal's flag has a red and a green stripe, and at their meeting point is an armillary sphere positioned underneath the Portuguese shield. The flag was adopted in 1911 and is a major departure from previous flags, but the Portuguese shield has been on almost every single historical flag.
葡萄牙的國旗圖案有紅色和綠色的雙直條，雙條交間處是一個渾天儀，剛好位於葡萄牙盾牌的下方。這面國旗西元一九一一年開始採用，跟之前的國旗有很大的區別，不過這個葡萄牙盾牌幾乎出現在歷史上每一面葡萄牙國旗。
WHAT TIME IS IT THERE ? 現在那裡幾點？
Right now Portugal is seven hours behind Taiwan. When it's 7:30pm in Taiwan, it's 12:30pm in Portugal.
葡萄牙時間比台灣晚七個小時。台灣下午七點半是葡萄牙下午十二點半。
A LOOK AT CONTEXT 思前想後猜字義
1. Back when England was one of the world's most powerful countries, they had many colonies.
A colony is …
a. a country that runs its own government.
b. a country that has a king or queen.
c. a country whose government is controlled by another country.
d. a country that is not a member of the UN.
2. It's odd for a democratic country to continue to honor a past dictator.
A dictator is …
a. an elected government official who rules a country.
b. a military general who is in charge of a country.
c. a person who became ruler of a country by hereditary right.
d. a person who rules a country with absolute power.
3. The coup was unsuccessful and its leaders were executed.
A coup is…
a. a takeover of leadership or power.
b. an end to democracy.
c. an end to all forms of monarchy.
d. an election initiated by military officials.
4. Wind-generated power is one kind of renewable energy Taiwan has started to make use of.
Renewable energy is …
a. a source of energy that is limited.
b. a source of energy that can be used continuously.
c. a new source of energy.
d. a source of energy that was developed in the last century.
Chinese startup DeepSeek’s launch of its latest AI models, which it says are on a par or better than industry-leading models in the US at a fraction of the cost, is threatening to upset the technology world order. The company has attracted attention in global AI circles after writing in a paper last month that the training of DeepSeek-V3 required less than US$6 million worth of computing power from Nvidia H800 chips. DeepSeek’s AI Assistant, powered by DeepSeek-V3, has overtaken rival ChatGPT to become the top-rated free application available on Apple’s App Store in the US. This has raised doubts about the reasoning
本文由生成式 AI 協作，本刊編輯編修。 Have you ever wondered how an athlete who once performed flawlessly can unexpectedly struggle with the simplest tasks? Imagine an __1__ pitcher who suddenly can’t find the strike zone—this is the “yips” in action. This __2__ phenomenon primarily affects athletes in sports like baseball and golf. It is characterized by a sudden loss of motor skills, leading to difficulties with routine actions that were __3__ before, such as a pitcher’s throw or a golfer’s putt. For instance, American baseball pitcher Steve Blass, who had a stellar performance in the 1971 World Series, suffered a sudden inability
The crimson hue of theater seats is a long-standing tradition that has persisted through centuries and across continents. This seemingly universal choice is influenced by a fascinating combination of historical, visual, and practical factors. Inspired by the lavish aesthetics of Italian opera houses, where red has been a dominant color, movie theaters often adopt the red color __1__—a tradition that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Associated with power, the color red was used in opera houses to __2__ an image of sophistication and grandeur. As opera spread across Europe, more and more opera houses adopted
野薑花是古巴國花，在古巴叫mariposa，意思是蝴蝶花。野薑花並非古巴原產，古巴卻對它情有獨鍾，獨立後選為國花，是有原因的。19世紀古巴對抗西班牙殖民的獨立戰爭中，往往透過女性身上或髮髻上插著野薑花，在花序的交錯的苞片縫隙裡夾藏字條，幫助革命分子傳遞作戰情報。 The white ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium) is the national flower of Cuba, where it is known as mariposa (literally “butterfly”) due to its shape. Women used to adorn themselves with these fragrant flowers in Spanish colonial times. Because of the intricate structure of the inflorescence (繁複的花序構造), women hid and carried secret messages important to the independence cause underneath it. 以下為古巴外交部對國花的說明： The white mariposa (Hedychium Coronarium) … became a symbol of Cuban flora because Cuban women used it to smuggle messages to the battlefield during the liberation wars of the 19th century. (“National Flower” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba) 夏天是野薑花的季節，野薑的地下根莖(rhizomes)可作薑的替代品，像白色蝴蝶的花有股特殊的清香(Its scent
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