Have you seen Barack Obama call Donald Trump a “complete dipshit,” or Mark Zuckerberg brag about having “total control of billions of people’s stolen data”? Answer yes and you’ve seen a deepfake. The 21st century’s answer to photoshopping, deepfakes use a form of artificial intelligence (AI) called deep learning to create images of fake events, hence the name deepfake. The AI firm Deeptrace found 15,000 deepfake videos online in September 2019, a near doubling over nine months. A staggering 96 percent were pornographic, and 99 percent of those mapped faces from female celebrities onto porn stars. Is it just about videos? No. Deepfake technology can create convincing but entirely fictional photos from scratch. Audio can be deepfaked too. In March 2019, the chief of a UK subsidiary of a German energy firm paid nearly ￡200,000 into a Hungarian bank account after being phoned by a fraudster who mimicked the German CEO’s voice. Similar scams have reportedly used recorded WhatsApp voice messages. How do you spot a deepfake? Poor-quality deepfakes are easier to spot. The lip synching might be bad, or the skin tone patchy. However, spotting a deepfake gets harder as the technology improves. In 2018, US researchers discovered that deepfake faces do not blink normally. No surprise there: the majority of images show people with their eyes open, so the algorithms never really learned about blinking. At first it seemed like a silver bullet for the detection problem, but no sooner had the research been published than deepfakes appeared with blinking. Such is the nature of the game: as soon as a weakness is revealed, it is fixed. (The Guardian) 你看過歐巴馬稱川普為「徹頭徹尾的蠢貨」，或是祖克柏吹噓「完全掌控了數十億人被盜的資料」嗎？若你回答是，那麼你已見識過「deepfake」（深偽）。deepfake是二十一世紀對Photoshop影像處理的回應，使用一種稱為「深度學習」的人工智慧來製作影像以偽造事情，因此而得名。 人工智慧公司Deeptrace二○一九年九月在網路上發現了一萬五千個deepfake影片，在九個月內幾乎翻了一倍。其中高達百分之九十六的比例是色情內容，所顯示的臉孔，百分之九十九是女性，從名人到色情片明星都有。 deepfake只限於影片嗎？不是的。此技術可做出令人信服，卻是完全虛構的照片。 聲音也可以被深度偽造。二○一九年三月，一家德國能源公司的英國子公司負責人接到一通詐騙電話，騙子的聲音模仿德國的CEO，該負責人便將近二十萬英鎊匯入一個匈牙利的銀行帳戶。據報導，類似的詐騙手法也用於錄製WhatsApp語音訊息。 要如何辨識deepfake呢？品質差的deepfake較容易被識破──嘴唇可能不太同步，或者膚色不均勻。但隨著技術的進步，辨識deepfake變得越來越難。二○一八年，美國有研究人員發現deepfakee的人臉無法正常地眨眼。這不令人意外：大多數影像所顯示的人臉，眼睛都是睜開的，因此演算法從未真正學習到眨眼。起先眨眼似乎是識破深偽的訣竅。但這項研究發表後不久，會眨眼的deepfake就出現了。這就是遊戲的本質：弱點一被發現，就會被修復。 （台北時報林俐凱編譯）
Green Island, which used to be called “Huoshao Island” (Fiery Island) because of its tropical climate, usually conjures up images of “prisons” in the imaginations of most people. However, the island’s historic “Laogu stone” buildings which stand out majestically in its old settlements, have borne witness to the island’s history, too. The Taitung County Government is promoting a plan to breathe new life into Green Island’s old architecture, which it hopes will reawaken their importance in the minds of the island’s residents. Taitung County Cultural Affairs Department last week held an information meeting to explain its “Encore for Old Houses — Old Architecture Preservation Plan,” hosted by architect Chan Yi-Chun. Chan travelled to the island to explain to residents how they could restore their old buildings to their former glory and used a discussion and experience-sharing format to recount the importance of preserving and repurposing old architecture. At the information meeting, officials from the department stated that Green Island’s architecture is unique within the county since its traditional houses were mostly constructed from coral reef, commonly known as “Laogu stone” in Chinese. Coral reef was used because Green Island lacked other construction materials. The island’s residents dug up coral reef from the sea floor and used the stone-like material to build walls for houses. Additionally, to protect against powerful seasonal north-easterly winds, Green Island’s traditional houses were built to a low height with thick walls, small windows and a perpendicular layout. In a traditional Green Island home, the kitchen and animal enclosure is placed either side of the main building’s front courtyard. During the Japanese occupation period, Green Island’s primary export was bonito flakes to Japan, and for this reason, nearly all old houses contain a fish smoking room. The largest concentration of traditional coral reef houses is located at the island’s Youzi Hu
A: You could try eating often but smaller portions, so that you won’t be digesting too much food at any one time, which will be easier on your stomach and your blood sugar won’t jump. You can still eat what you want. B: To be completely honest, I’ve tried that, too, with the result that I never stopped eating, haha. But I have found that if my jaw is always moving and my teeth are always biting into things, I don’t feel so sleepy when I’m studying. A: Then you should eat a low calorie food like konnyaku or chew gum. B: Or we could just close our books and stop studying. Fancy a game of badminton? A: 你可以試試看少量多餐，這樣要消化的食物不會一下子太多，腸胃的負擔比較輕，血糖也不會一下子衝太高，你想吃的還是可以吃。 B: 不瞞你說，這個我也試過，結果變成我一直不停在吃東西，哈哈！不過我發現如果我嘴巴一直在動、牙齒一直在咬東西，唸書的時候就比較不會昏昏欲睡。 A: 那你就吃像蒟蒻之類低熱量的東西，不然就是嚼口香糖。 B: 或者乾脆就把書闔起來，不要唸了。我們去打羽毛球吧？ (Translated by Paul Cooper, Taipei Times / 台北時報林俐凱) Audio recordings for Speak Up! dialogues will be suspended until further notice due to the pandemic.
A: If you don’t want to go into a food coma after eating food, there is another thing you could try: eating more fruit and vegetables. B: Ah, I’ve tried that! For a while I wanted to lose weight, and I only ate vegetables and chicken salad for all three meals, and I ended up not being able to sleep because I was so hungry. I gave that idea up pretty quickly. A: That was a bit extreme: I’m not surprised you couldn’t see it through. Starchy foods will make you feel satiated. I’m not saying you shouldn’t eat them, I’m just saying you should have a balanced diet. B: If I don’t feel full when I eat, I will just feel empty inside, and I will just want to keep on eating. A: 如果你希望吃過飯以後不要那麼想睡，還有一個辦法，就是多吃蔬菜水果。 B: 啊，我試過了！有一陣子我想要減肥，三餐只吃蔬菜雞肉沙拉，結果餓得睡不著覺！沒過多久我就投降了。 A: 你這樣有點極端，難怪沒辦法堅持下去。澱粉類的食物會給你飽足感，不是說都不能吃啦，營養平均就好。 B: 我如果吃飯沒有飽足感，就會覺得很空虛，會一直想要再吃。 (Translated by Paul Cooper, Taipei Times / 台北時報林俐凱)
A: Foods with non-refined starch, such as brown rice, whole grain bread and oats are less easy to digest, so they will release the glucose more slowly and steadily, just like if you turn on the faucet more carefully, so that your blood sugar won’t jump up all of a sudden. B: So we should eat more non-refined starchy foods, is that right? A: Yes, so you should be eating less of foods such as white rice, noodles, white bread, cakes and cookies — because these are all refined. B: I’ve been hearing the phrase “low GI diet” a lot recently, is this the same kind of idea? A: Yes, the Glycemic Index is a measure of a food’s ability to increase blood sugar. A: 非精緻澱粉食物，比如說糙米、全麥麵包、燕麥片，因為比較不好消化，所以分解出葡萄糖的速度比較慢而且穩定，就像水龍頭流出適量的水，所以血糖不會一下子衝太高。 B: 所以我們要多吃非精緻澱粉的食物，對吧？ A: 嗯，然後盡量少吃白米、麵、白吐司、蛋糕、餅乾之類的東西，因為這些都屬於精緻澱粉。 B: 最近還蠻常聽到「低升糖飲食」這個名詞，是不是類似的概念？ A: 沒錯，「升糖指數」就是衡量食物升高血糖的能力。 (Translated by Paul Cooper, Taipei Times / 台北時報林俐凱) Audio recordings for Speak Up! dialogues will be suspended until further notice due to the pandemic.
The original Superman Clark Kent fell for a journalist, and his son Jonathan Kent is doing the same, although this time the new Superman is falling in love with a man. On Oct. 11, to coincide with US “National Coming Out Day,” DC Comics announced that the new Superman will have a romance with male reporter Jay Nakamura. The couple will even kiss in a comic to be published next month, the publisher said, describing the new Superman as “bisexual.” As CNN commented, Jon will not be the first queer superhero when he comes out as bisexual next month, but he will be one of the most visible. “Jonathan defies stereotypes about sexuality and masculinity that have shaped the character and the superhero genre for generations.” As people’s acceptance of the LGBT community continues to grow in recent years, Gallup’s latest poll finds 5.6 percent of US adults, or 14.5 million, self-identify as LGBT. (Eddy Chang, Taipei Times) 上一代超人克拉克肯特愛上一位記者，現在他兒子強納生肯特也一樣愛上一位記者。不同的是，新一代超人所愛的是個男人！美國DC漫畫公司在十月十一日、「全國出櫃日」當天宣布，新超人和男記者中村杰將展開一段浪漫關係。 出版公司還說，這對情侶在下個月即將發行的漫畫中，甚至還有親吻的橋段，強調新超人是「雙性戀」。CNN新聞網評論，小強正式出櫃後雖然不是首位同志超級英雄，但絕對會是最顯眼的。並指出︰「強納生挑戰了性別認同及男子氣概的刻板印象，這種印象多年來形塑了超級英雄的角色與類型。」 近年來，隨著人們對同志族群的接受持續上升，據蓋洛普公司最新的民調顯示，在美國的成年人中約有百分之五‧六，也就是將近一千四百五十萬人，公開出櫃自己是同志。 (台北時報張聖恩)
A: What did you have for lunch that has made you this tired? B: Today I had congee. But I usually eat fried rice or noodles. A: No wonder. Those are all refined starch, they’ll send your blood sugar sky high and make you want to sleep. B: Why will refined starch send your blood sugar levels through the roof? A: Because they’re easily digestible, and they will dump a load of glucose into your blood in one go, like turning the faucet on full. B: So how do I stop the water gushing out? A: 你午餐是吃了什麼啊，讓你這麼想睡？ B: 我今天吃的是粥。不過我一般比較常吃炒飯或是麵。 A: 難怪，這些都是精緻澱粉，會讓血糖濃度快速上升，也會讓你想睡覺。 B: 為什麼精緻澱粉會讓血糖快速上升啊？ A: 因為它很好消化分解，一下子釋放出太多葡萄糖到血液裡，就像把水龍頭一下子開很大。 B: 那要怎樣才能把水龍頭關小一點呢？ (Translated by Paul Cooper, Taipei Times / 台北時報林俐凱) Audio recordings for Speak Up! dialogues will be suspended until further notice due to the pandemic.
The Hsinchu County Government has spent more than three years on planning and producing the Aboriginal documentary film A Speaker and Pastor of the Atayal. On Wednesday last week it held a special screening and discussion at the Aboriginal Culture Hall in Jianshih Township, inviting teachers and villagers from outlying villages to watch the film together. The film’s two main characters — Atayal elder Heitay Payan and pastor Atung Yupas — were both on hand to share the process and joy of making the documentary. The special screening was opened with solemn, lilting Atayal chanting and a blessing ceremony. Hsinchu County Commissioner Yang Wen-ke took part in the event. He said that Hsinchu County is fortunate to have five major ethnic groups, namely Aborigines, Hakka, Hoklo, Han Chinese and new immigrants, and that the way these groups blend together is an expression of Taiwan’s beautiful and unique culture. He said that to pass down and promote precious cultural assets, it is essential to record the wisdom and life experiences of senior citizens, and the county government is duty-bound to carry out this cultural mission. Hsinchu County Cultural Affairs Bureau Director Li An-yu said that for more than three years, in order to capture the life stories of Atayal elders, the documentary team and the Taiwan Atayal Sustainability Association had gone to great lengths to research and portray the migratory paths that Atayal groups have followed and record rare historical footage such as ancient Atayal tunes, playing the reed Jew’s harp, making traditional implements, and Aboriginal village rituals. They also revisited the scenes of historical events together with the elders, visiting Maqaw (Jhensibao) in Hsinchu County’s Jianshih Township, Shoufeng Township in Hualien County and Namasia District in Kaohsiung, among other places. The “speaker” part of the film eloquently recounts the great efforts and aspirations
A: You’ve been reading that for ages, and you’re still on the same page? I’m already on to the next chapter! B: I don’t know what’s up with me. I’ve read these sentences again and again many times, but it’s just not going into my brain. I keep nodding off. A: Could it be because you’ve just eaten? B: Perhaps. It’s like every time I eat, my work efficiency and ability to read goes through the floor. A: That’s because your blood rushes to your stomach. A: 你怎麼看了老半天，還是在這一頁啊？我已經看到下一章了耶！ B: 不知道怎麼搞的，這幾個句子我反反覆覆看了好多遍，可是它就是沒辦法輸入我的腦袋。我頭腦昏昏沉沉的。 A: 會不會是因為你剛吃飽啊？ B: 或許吧。好像我每次吃過飯，工作和讀書的效率都會變得很差。 A: 因為你的血液都跑到腸胃裡去了。 (Translated by Paul Cooper, Taipei Times ／台北時報林俐凱)
Represented by the Taiwan Wild Bird Federation (TWBF), the Jacana Ecological Education Park in Tainan’s Guantian District officially joined the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative (IPSI) this year, becoming the IPSI’s 279th member as well as the 18th Taiwanese organization to join it. The partnership aims to ensure that landscapes and cultural diversity are not threatened. Lee Wen-chen, director of the Jacana Ecological Education Park, said that the TWBF is the largest bird conservation alliance in Taiwan, consisting of 21 non-governmental organizations dedicated to bird conservation and the environment. The Jacana Ecological Education Park is managed by the Tainan Wild Bird Society, a member group of the TWBF. Jacanas inhabit wetlands where floating plants grow. In the absence of natural habitat, water caltrop ponds become alternatives that provide a suitable environment for jacanas to breed and forage. Most of the remaining jacanas in Taiwan inhabit the water caltrop ponds in Tainan’s Guantian District, so that Taiwan’s main water caltrop producing area is also its most crucial jacana habitat. Known as the “home of water caltrops,” Guantian is a place where jacanas and water caltrops thrive together, attracting a large number of tourists every autumn. It is the season when farmers are seen across Guantian busily picking water caltrops and selling them at stalls along the main roads. The Water Caltrop Festival, which will take place on Saturday, is definitely not to be missed. (Translated by Lin Lee-kai, Taipei Times) 台南市官田區水雉生態教育園區由中華民國野鳥學會（簡稱中華鳥會）代表，今年正式加入「國際里山倡議夥伴關係網路（IPSI）」，成為第兩百七十九個成員，也是台灣第十八個成功加入IPSI的組織，確保地景與文化多樣性不受威脅。 水雉生態教育園區主任李文珍表示，中華鳥會是台灣最大的鳥類保育聯盟組織，由全國二十一個致力於鳥類保育與環境的民間團體所共同組成。「水雉生態教育園區」是由中華鳥會的團體會員台南市野鳥學會所負責經營。 水雉喜好在生長浮水植物的濕地棲息，在缺乏天然棲地的條件下，菱角田也提供適合的環境，讓水雉能夠繁衍和覓食。台灣僅存的水雉大多棲息在台南官田的菱角田，因此這台灣最主要的菱角產地，也成為全台最關鍵的水雉棲息地。 官田區有「菱角之鄉」美名，水雉與菱角相生相伴，每年秋天都吸引大批遊客來觀賞。 現在官田區菱角田四處可見農民忙採菱風光，各主要道路旁也有農民擺攤賣菱角。本週六登場的菱角節產業文化活動，更是不可錯過。 （自由時報記者王涵平）
South Korean films and TV series have in the last few years rapidly swept across the cultural scenes of Asia, Europe and the US. South Korean culture has become so popular that the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) last month added 26 Korean words to its latest edition. According to reporting by CNN, the term “K-pop” was added to the OED’s corpus in 2016 following two decades of South Korean idol groups and pop music taking the world by storm and garnering millions of fans in the process. In addition to pop music, South Korean film and TV drama has built a global presence, including last year’s multi-award-winning smash hit Parasite and the recently-released Squid Game, which is set to become Netflix’s biggest-ever show. The word “K-drama” was one of the Korean words added to last month’s OED update. Also included in last month’s update was hallyu, which means “Korean wave” and refers to the global phenomenon of South Korean culture sweeping the globe. The popularity of South Korean popular culture has driven interest in South Korean tourism and food culture. Accordingly, new additions to the OED corpus include banchan (small side dishes of vegetables served as part of a larger meal) and bulgogi (Korean-style barbecued beef). Other additions include hanbok (traditional Korean clothing), aegyo (coquettish behavior considered adorable in Korean culture) and mukbang (a self-made video of someone eating food while talking to the camera). Some existing English words that have taken on a new meaning through South Korean culture have also been included in the dictionary’s update, such as “fighting,” which has been adapted by South Koreans as an encouragement to others, similar in meaning to“keep going” or “go for it.” A statement released by the OED said: “We are all riding the crest of the Korean wave, and this can be
A: Well, we’ve arrived, but no thanks to the bike route map app. B: Actually, it was pretty useful in the end. It did show us some good route options away from the main road. A: Oh, well if that’s the case, I take back my words. That last stretch of road through small villages was beautiful. B: Yes, don’t judge an app by the bonehead who uses it without working out how to use it first. A: 我們到了。不過我對你那個自行車路線圖App敬謝不敏。 B: 其實這個App到最後還蠻有用的。它標示了一些主要道路之外不錯的路線。 A: 喔，如果是這樣的話，那我收回我的話。最後穿過幾個小村莊的那段路真的很美。 B: 對呀。不要因為某個笨蛋沒先搞懂怎麼用，就對那個App妄下評斷。 (Paul Cooper, Taipei Times / 台北時報林俐凱譯) Audio recordings for Speak Up! dialogues will be suspended until further notice due to the pandemic.
A: I’m sure you just need to spend some time using the app and you’ll get the hang of it. Do you think the paid-for premium content is worth it? B: I think some of the premium functions add value, but I’m not sure they’re necessary. You can download the map onto your phone, for example. A: What’s the point in that? B: It means you can still access the map without staying connected to the GPS system, which drains your battery really quickly. A: 我想你只要花時間多用用這個App，你就會熟悉它了。你覺得付費使用這些進階功能值得嗎？ B: 我覺得有些進階功能是讓它更有價值啦，但是我不確定它的必要性在哪裡。比如說，你可以把地圖下載到你的手機。 A: 為什麼要下載地圖到手機啊？ B: 這樣你不用連上GPS，就可以使用地圖。用GPS很耗電的。 (Paul Cooper, Taipei Times / 台北時報林俐凱譯) Audio recordings for Speak Up! dialogues will be suspended until further notice due to the pandemic.
A: What is that app anyway? First it sends you on a wild goose chase, and then it decides to tell you how to ride home when you haven’t even got to your destination. B: Tell me about it! Either I’m really stupid, or this bike app is badly designed. You don’t need to say which one you think it is. A: How much did you pay for it? B: It’s free, but you have to pay if you want to access some premium functions. I’m doing the free week trial for the premium content, but if things go on like this… A: 那到底是什麼應用程式啊？它先是指引你漫無目的地亂走，然後又告訴你要怎麼騎回家，你都還沒到達目的地咧！ B: 說的沒錯！不是我太笨，就是這個自行車App設計得太爛。你不用說哪一個才是對的。 A: 這App花了你多少錢啊？ B: 這是免費的。不過如果你想使用進階的功能，就必須付費。我現在用的是進階功能一星期免費試用，不過如果照現在的情況繼續下去的話……。 (Paul Cooper, Taipei Times / 台北時報林俐凱譯) Audio recordings for Speak Up! dialogues will be suspended until further notice due to the pandemic.
Hit Netflix series “Squid Game” from South Korea has gone viral across the world by turning childhood playground games into deadly survival challenges. The horror series has generated much talk since its debut on Sept. 17, becoming the first drama series to top the charts in all 83 countries where Netflix streams. In the show, the 456 cash-strapped contestants must compete with one another for a prize of 45.6 billion won (about US$38.66 million) in six games. In the “Red Light, Green Light” episode, for example, players are shot for failing to stand still at the red light call. According to the company’s co-chief executive Ted Sarandos, the nine-episode series is expected to become Netflix’s most popular show ever. Following the success of season one, season two of the show is already in the works. However, due to the extremely violent scenes in the show, some elementary schools have urged parents not to let children watch “Squid Game,” worrying that kids may copy the dangerous playground games. (Eddy Chang, Taipei Times) 影音平台網飛推出的熱門南韓影集《魷魚遊戲》，將童年大地遊戲改造為致命生存挑戰，近日在全球一夕爆紅。這部恐怖影集九月十七日開播，隨即掀起熱議，更創下在有網飛服務的所有八十三國登上排行榜冠軍之紀錄。 在這部影集中，共有四百五十六名窮困潦倒的參賽者，將參加一場六項遊戲的生死鬥，爭奪四百五十六億韓元（約三千八百多萬美元）的獎金。例如在「一二三木頭人」的遊戲中，該靜止不動時沒站穩的玩家們就會遭到射殺。網飛共同執行長薩蘭多斯表示，此劇可望成為該平台有史以來最受歡迎節目。 由於第一季大獲成功，第二季據報導已開拍。然而因劇中不少場景太過殘暴，有些小學力勸家長不要讓小孩觀賞《魷魚遊戲》，並擔心孩子可能會模仿那些危險的大地遊戲。 （台北時報張聖恩）
A: How much longer do we need to ride? B: According to this app, we should be there in just under an hour. It says we still have about 20km to go. A: Great, we’re making excellent time. We’ll be there just in time for lunch. And I thought it would take us at least another 2 hours. B: Oh, hold on a second: it looks like the app is pointing in the direction we came from. I think it has plotted the route home. A: 我們還要騎多遠啊？ B: 這個應用程式顯示說，我們應該不到一個小時就會到了，大概還要騎二十公里。 A: 太好了，我們的速度比預期中快，可以剛好在午餐前抵達。我以為至少還要再花兩小時才會到呢。 B: 噢，等等，這應用程式指的好像是我們來的方向。它標示的路線是回頭路啦！ (Paul Cooper, Taipei Times / 台北時報林俐凱譯) Audio recordings for Speak Up! dialogues will be suspended until further notice due to the pandemic.
Have you ever felt like you have been conned when you joyfully open a bag of potato chips, only to find a mere handful of chips inside? The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) says that storage in a sealed bag filled with nitrogen is necessary to keep the chips fresh and tasty. The TFDA shared a post on its Facebook page and an article on its Web site, in which it said that potato chips are fried at a high temperature during the manufacturing process, and when they come into contact with air they can easily become oxidized, which would tend to make them turn soft and crumble, and can even make them smell and taste rancid. The TFDA explained that a sealed bag can prevent the chips from coming into contact with air, thus reducing oxidation and extending their shelf life. This it done by sealing them inside a plastic bag lined with a compound material such as tin foil or aluminum foil. As well as keeping out contamination by things like air, grease, damp and microbes, it can also help to prevent light exposure and reduce oxidation. The TFDA says that food manufacturers pump the bags full of nitrogen to prevent the chips from being damaged and broken by knocking or crushing during transportation. Nitrogen is chemically stable and does not easily react with other substances. It is the most plentiful gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, comprising 78.09 percent of its total volume, which makes it easy and cheap to obtain. “Nitrogen flushing” technology can therefore be used to ensure the quality and safety of potato chips, making them look wholesome and taste good as well as keeping them free from contamination by bacteria or other microbes. (Translated by Julian Clegg, Taipei Times) 你是否曾經有過滿心歡喜打開洋芋片，卻發現裡面東西只有一點點，感覺像被騙呢？台灣食品藥物管理署表示，為了保持洋芋片的新鮮美味，密封包裝以及氮氣充填保存是必須的。 食藥署在臉書專頁「食用玩家-食藥署」及食藥好文網發文分享，洋芋片的製造過程會經高溫油炸，與空氣接觸後易氧化，導致洋芋片容易變軟、破碎，甚至還會產生油耗味，變得不好吃。 食藥署說明，密封包裝可以避免洋芋片接觸空氣，減少氧化的程度，延長保存期限。目前是運用內層有錫箔或鋁箔等複合性材質的塑膠包裝袋密封，不僅能阻擋空氣、油脂、潮濕、細菌微生物等外在汙染，錫箔或鋁箔的材質還可以輔助避光，減少氧化。 食藥署表示，為了避免洋芋片在運送的過程中因碰撞、擠壓而受損碎裂，食品製造業者會在包裝中填充足夠的氮氣量。氮氣的化學性質穩定，不容易與其他物質發生化學反應，也是地球大氣中含量最多的氣體，佔總體積的百分之七十八點零九，方便取得且成本較低，所以透過「氮氣充填」的技術，能確保洋芋片的品質與安全，使洋芋片外觀完整、口味好吃又不受細菌微生物汙染。 （自由時報）
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