The Nobel Prize in Economics was yesterday awarded to Turkish-American Daron Acemoglu and British-Americans Simon Johnson and James Robinson for research into wealth inequality between nations.
By examining the various political and economic systems introduced by European colonizers, the three have demonstrated a relationship between societal institutions and prosperity, the jury said.
“Reducing the vast differences in income between countries is one of our time’s greatest challenges,” Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences chair Jakob Svensson said in a statement.
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“The laureates have demonstrated the importance of societal institutions for achieving this,” Svensson added.
Acemoglu, 57, is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as is Johnson, 61.
Robinson, 64, is a professor at the University of Chicago.
The jury highlighted the laureates’ work in illuminating how societal institutions play a role in explaining why some countries prosper while others do not.
In a statement explaining the prize, the jury cited the example of the city of Nogales, which is divided by the US-Mexican border, where residents on the US side of the city tend to be better off.
“The decisive difference is thus not geography or culture, but institutions,” the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said.
The US economic system provides residents north of the border greater opportunities to choose their education and profession, and they are part of the US political system, which gives them broad political rights.
By contrast, south of the border, residents live under other economic conditions, and the political system limits their potential to influence legislation.
In addition, the laureates’ research helped explain why some countries become trapped in a situation of “low economic growth,” the jury said.
“The introduction of inclusive institutions would create long-term benefits for everyone, but extractive institutions provide short-term gains for the people in power,” it said, adding that “institutions that were created to exploit the masses are bad for long-run growth.”
Conversely, it noted that “ones that establish fundamental economic freedoms and the rule of law are good for it.”
Acemoglu, who was “delighted” to receive the award, told reporters that the “work that we had done favors democracy.”
“Countries that democratize, starting from a non-democratic regime, do ultimately grow about eight, nine years faster than non-democratic regimes. And it’s a substantial gain,” Acemoglu said via telephone from Athens.
He acknowledged nonetheless that “democracy is not a panacea” and “introducing democracy is very hard.”
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