China’s Chang’e-6 probe yesterday returned to Earth with rock and soil samples from the little-explored far side of the moon in a global first.
The probe landed in the Inner Mongolian region in northern China yesterday afternoon.
“I now declare that the Chang’e-6 Lunar Exploration Mission achieved complete success,” China National Space Administration Director Zhang Kejian (張克儉) said in a televised news conference after the landing.
Photo: EPA-EFE / Xinhua
Chinese scientists anticipate the returned samples would include 2.5 million-year-old volcanic rock and other material that scientists hope would answer questions about geographic differences on the moon’s two sides.
The near side is what is seen from Earth, and the far side faces outer space. The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters, contrasting with the relatively flat expanses visible on the near side.
The probe had landed in the moon’s South Pole-Aitken Basin, an impact crater created more than 4 billion years ago. The samples scientists are expecting will likely come from different layers of the basin, which will bear traces of the different geological events across its long chronology, such as when the moon was younger and had an active inside that could produce volcanic rock.
While past US and Soviet missions have collected samples from the moon’s near side, the Chinese mission was the first that has collected samples from the far side.
“This is a global first in the sense that it’s the first time anyone has been able to take off from the far side of the moon and bring back samples,” said Richard de Grijs, a professor of astrophysics at Macquarie University in Australia.
The moon program is part of a growing rivalry with the US — still the leader in space exploration — and others, including Japan and India. China has put its own space station in orbit and regularly sends crews there.
Chinese President Xi Jinping (習近平) sent a message of congratulations to the Chang’e team, saying that it was a “landmark achievement in our country’s efforts at becoming a space and technological power.”
The probe left Earth on May 3, and its journey lasted 53 days. The probe has drilled into the core and scooped rocks from the surface.
The samples “are expected to answer one of the most fundamental scientific questions in lunar science research: What geologic activity is responsible for the differences between the two sides?” Yue Zongyu (岳宗玉), a geologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in a statement issued in the Innovation Monday, a journal published in partnership with the academy.
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