Biologist Cesar Garzon was searching for a small, endangered parakeet in southern Ecuador when he was warned he may be kidnapped, highlighting the danger for scientists in the biodiverse country engulfed in narco-violence.
“Do your work somewhere else because it is dangerous here,” he said a man told him in April, in the troubled mining town of Camilo Ponce Enriquez.
That night, the town’s mayor was shot dead. Earlier this month, a clash between criminal groups in the town left five dead, two of whom were found decapitated, and one burned.
Photo: AFP
Garzon, a bird expert at the state-run National Institute of Biodiversity (Inabio), tried to continue his research in a neighboring town, whose mayor was also killed.
Tired of the ever-present danger, he packed his bags and returned to Quito.
Garzon has been studying the El Oro parakeet for two decades, working for its conservation and supporting the sustainable management of its habitats.
Mostly green, with a red forehead, the bird is endemic to Ecuador and has only been seen in the country’s southwest provinces of Azuay and El Oro.
With only an estimated 1,000 specimens remaining, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists it as in danger of extinction.
Garzon visited Camilo Ponce Enriquez, in Azuay province, to track down and study the endangered parakeet. But the gold-rich town is in the grips of the Los Lobos drug trafficking gang, which finances its activities with illegal mining.
“We are left with uncertainty and frustration ... There is a lack of information on that site,” he said. He said the violence was a blow to conservation as there “could be important areas that are home to endemic or threatened species and we can’t do anything.”
WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY
Sandwiched between Colombia and Peru, the world’s top cocaine producers, once-peaceful Ecuador has seen violence explode in recent years as enemy gangs with links to Mexican and Colombian cartels vie for control.
As the gangs have gained ground, homicides in Ecuador soared from six per 100,000 inhabitants in 2018 to a record 47 per 100,000 last year.
Mario Yanez, another biologist from Inabio, said his current work revolves around finding “windows of opportunity” to continue researching despite the violence. Scientists work closely with local communities and authorities and do shorter field trips or focus on similar species located in less risky areas.
“The levels of violence have led to total restrictions in certain areas of the country,” especially on the coast and where there is mining, said Yanez.
These places carry the “stigma” of the violence and that “unfortunately is limiting international cooperation funds to be able to carry out conservation actions,” he added.
SECURITY CRISIS
The private Lalo Loor reserve in southwestern Manabi is one of Ecuador’s last intact remnants of a unique ecosystem known as a coastal dry forest, home to many endemic species.
The province is also a drug trafficking stronghold. Due to the security crisis, American universities cancelled an annual visit of researchers and students to the reserve, a major source of income for Lalo Loor.
Their continued absence could force the reserve’s administrative office to shutter, manager Mariela Loor said.
Judith Denkinger, a German biologist at the private Universidad San Francisco de Quito, said that since 2022 she has put on hold her two decades of research into humpback whales on the coast of the conflict-ridden northwestern province of Esmeraldas, bordering Colombia.
She has been unable to gather photographic or acoustic records of the humpback whales that come to the equatorial Pacific to mate and give birth.
She also highlighted the plight of fishermen — who she often works with at sea.
“Pirates, who are usually drug traffickers, come and threaten them, hijack their boat or steal their motor or kidnap them” to force them into drug trafficking, she said.
Daniel Vizuete, a specialist in Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Flacso University in Quito, said research related to the environment was “perhaps the most eroded precisely because it occurs ... in places where institutions are weaker.”
“That means that even the lives of researchers can be at risk,” he added. He also points to other possible effects of criminal violence on science such as a “setback in terms of participation of women.”
In the March 9 edition of the Taipei Times a piece by Ninon Godefroy ran with the headine “The quiet, gentle rhythm of Taiwan.” It started with the line “Taiwan is a small, humble place. There is no Eiffel Tower, no pyramids — no singular attraction that draws the world’s attention.” I laughed out loud at that. This was out of no disrespect for the author or the piece, which made some interesting analogies and good points about how both Din Tai Fung’s and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co’s (TSMC, 台積電) meticulous attention to detail and quality are not quite up to
April 21 to April 27 Hsieh Er’s (謝娥) political fortunes were rising fast after she got out of jail and joined the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) in December 1945. Not only did she hold key positions in various committees, she was elected the only woman on the Taipei City Council and headed to Nanjing in 1946 as the sole Taiwanese female representative to the National Constituent Assembly. With the support of first lady Soong May-ling (宋美齡), she started the Taipei Women’s Association and Taiwan Provincial Women’s Association, where she
Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) Chairman Eric Chu (朱立倫) hatched a bold plan to charge forward and seize the initiative when he held a protest in front of the Taipei City Prosecutors’ Office. Though risky, because illegal, its success would help tackle at least six problems facing both himself and the KMT. What he did not see coming was Taipei Mayor Chiang Wan-an (將萬安) tripping him up out of the gate. In spite of Chu being the most consequential and successful KMT chairman since the early 2010s — arguably saving the party from financial ruin and restoring its electoral viability —
It is one of the more remarkable facts of Taiwan history that it was never occupied or claimed by any of the numerous kingdoms of southern China — Han or otherwise — that lay just across the water from it. None of their brilliant ministers ever discovered that Taiwan was a “core interest” of the state whose annexation was “inevitable.” As Paul Kua notes in an excellent monograph laying out how the Portuguese gave Taiwan the name “Formosa,” the first Europeans to express an interest in occupying Taiwan were the Spanish. Tonio Andrade in his seminal work, How Taiwan Became Chinese,
RSS