In his inaugural speech on May 20, President William Lai (賴清德) highlighted a wide range of issues, from democratic values to developmental plans, reflecting Taiwan’s diverse aspirations and challenges. Unsurprisingly, Lai highlighted the nation’s vulnerable position in the face of the global climate crisis, but the urgency of this issue justifies stronger emphasis and action.
The geopolitical tensions in the Taiwan Strait often overshadows urgent, but “soft” issues such as climate change and the environment. Lai must ensure environmental policies are not sidelined. The threat posed by climate change demands a steadfast commitment to former president Tsai Ing-wen’s (蔡英文) legacy and a redoubling of efforts to advance Taiwan’s green transformation.
Lai’s vision for Taiwan is a “smart and sustainable” future. This is not just an ideal, but a necessity, particularly in the face of challenges from climate change. He also repeated Taiwan’s commitment to net zero emissions by 2050, which is crucial for the nation’s survival and prosperity.
However, the path to that target is fraught with challenges. Despite its progressive stance and inspiring attempts, Taiwan is among the top Asian countries with the highest emissions per capita. Its industrial sectors curb the nation’s emission-cutting efforts. As the leader in semiconductor manufacturing, industrial policies have favored economic growth over environmental concerns, resulting in substantial carbon footprints.
The high initial costs of green transformation have hindered Taiwan’s progress, as increasing renewable energy and sustainable practices demands significant investment, technological advancement and policy shifts.
Water scarcity also remains a pressing issue; the drought in 2021 highlighted how local conditions can have global implications. Semiconductor manufacturing, reliant on massive amounts of ultra-pure water, was significantly affected, further straining global supply chains already impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Lai inherits a remarkable climate legacy from Tsai, who positioned Taiwan as one of the fastest-growing markets for renewable energy in Asia. Tsai updated Taiwan’s commitment to achieving net zero by 2050, laying a solid foundation for sustainable development. However, reliance on fossil fuels and carbon-intensive industries remains a significant challenge, amplifying the burden on Lai’s shoulders.
Besides encouraging industries to adopt sustainable practices through subsidies, tax incentives and technological support that can help reduce emissions, it is also crucial to raise public awareness. Engaging the public in climate action through education and community programs can foster a culture of sustainability. Encouraging individual and collective efforts to reduce carbon footprints would complement national policies.
Despite its diplomatic isolation, Taiwan should participate in global climate initiatives and seek partnerships that facilitate technology transfers, funding and knowledge sharing. International cooperation could bolster Taiwan’s efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
Lai’s tenure could be a milestone for Taiwan’s environmental and climate agenda. By building on Tsai’s legacy and addressing the pressing challenges of emissions, water scarcity and sustainable development, Lai can steer Taiwan toward a resilient and sustainable future. The journey to net zero by 2050 is undeniably complex, but with decisive action and commitment, Taiwan can emerge as a leader in the global fight against climate change, as it did in the COVID-19 crisis.
Harun Talha Ayanoglu is a doctoral candidate at National Chengchi University and a Taiwan Center for Security Studies research assistant. His research interests are climate change and non-state political violence.
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