In the complex geopolitical landscape of the 21st century, the art of statecraft has evolved beyond traditional diplomacy and military engagements. One of the most nuanced forms of this evolution is the concept of “united front” tactics — a strategy that China has been increasingly employing in its interactions with India.
At its core, “united front” tactics involve the mobilization of several groups to serve a singular strategic interest. For China, that translates into a multifaceted approach toward India, aiming to influence its political decisions, economic policies and public opinion to align with Chinese interests.
One of the most covert aspects of China’s “united front” tactics is cyberwarfare. Reports of cyberattacks on India’s critical infrastructure, such as its power grid, have raised alarms about a silent invasion that could cripple a nation without a single soldier crossing its borders. The digital strikes are not just about immediate disruption; they are a psychological tool, instilling a sense of vulnerability within the Indian state.
China’s strategy extends to influence operations that target the very fabric of Indian society. By cultivating relationships with influential individuals, think tanks and cultural organizations, China seeks to create a narrative conducive to its worldview.
For example, its Confucius Institutes have been at the center of controversy, with allegations of them being a front for espionage and propaganda.
The battleground has shifted from physical territories to the cognitive realm. Disinformation campaigns and the manipulation of media narratives are part of China’s arsenal to destabilize and confuse. The aim is to create a parallel reality where facts are malleable and truth is what the Chinese Communist Party deems it to be.
China’s “united front” work also includes soft power initiatives. Cultural exchange programs and outreach to the Indian diaspora are designed to foster a positive image of China, countering the negative press it often receives. The efforts are subtle, yet powerful, as they shape perceptions over the long term.
The Doklam standoff and the clashes in the Galwan Valley are stark reminders of the military dimension of China’s “united front” tactics. The confrontations serve a dual purpose: demonstrating China’s military might and testing India’s resolve. They are a physical manifestation of the psychological and political pressure exerted through other “united front” activities.
India stands at a crossroads, facing a neighbor that wields “united front” tactics with strategic finesse. The challenge for India is to recognize these maneuvers and counter them with a “united front” of its own — a coalition of democratic nations, robust cybersecurity measures and a resilient civil society that can withstand the allure and assault of China’s strategic chessboard.
As we navigate this era of new-age warfare, it is imperative for India and like-minded nations to develop a comprehensive understanding of “united front” tactics and devise counterstrategies that uphold their sovereignty and democratic values.
Khedroob Thondup is a former member of the Tibetan parliament in exile.
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