Ever since Microsoft Corp put US$10 billion into OpenAI in January and began integrating ChatGPT into its products, people have been watching closely to see how its biggest tech rivals would respond. Google scrambled to release its chatbot, Bard. Meta Platforms Inc launched its own large-language model, LlaMA.
On Monday, Amazon.com Inc made a move it hopes can turn around the perception that it had fallen behind in the artificial intelligence (AI) arms race.
Its US$1.25 billion investment in San Francisco-based Anthropic, which could grow to US$4 billion and includes a minority stake, is something of a coup for Amazon and its cloud division, Amazon Web Services (AWS). Anthropic’s decision to make AWS its “primary cloud provider” for “mission-critical workloads” comes just seven months after the start-up’s cloud deal with Alphabet Inc’s Google, which had been an early investor.
Gaining Anthropic as a cloud client would alone have been cause for celebration, but the bigger victory for Amazon is that Anthropic has said it will “build, train and deploy” its new models using Amazon’s Trainium and Inferentia computer chips. Amazon hopes to position these as an alternative to those made by Nvidia, whose stock has risen nearly 190 percent this year because of extraordinary demand for its products.
With AI companies climbing over one another to get their hands on Nvidia chips, any possibility of a viable competitor comes as extremely encouraging news to the entire sector. If Anthropic, an AI frontrunner, can build and run cutting-edge models on Amazon’s chips, it sends a strong signal that Nvidia’s absolute dominance in AI will not last forever. That is excellent news for those who want to see development of this technology continue apace.
However, to what degree Amazon’s chips can match Nvidia’s is unclear. In Monday’s announcement, Amazon and Anthropic said that they would collaborate on further development.
At the very least, Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Kunjan Sobhani suggested, AWS has become well positioned to handle AI tasks that do not necessarily require the full capabilities of Nvidia’s technology.
“It’s like having a Ferrari and a BMW,” he said. “The Ferrari will get you there quicker, but you don’t always need it.”
The deal is unlikely to do much for Amazon’s revenue in the near term, a possible explanation for the stock’s rise of less than 2 percent during the trading day, but Wall Street should not underestimate Amazon’s positioning, because it is a pattern they should recognize from the company’s history.
As in retail, where Amazon slowly built up control of every part of selling online — sourcing products, running the store, handling logistics — so too is Amazon looking to be involved at every layer of the AI industry. Its data centers and chips provide the raw computing power. Its AWS cloud services — such as Amazon Bedrock — are a trusted go-between for companies and the AI models they want to develop with. It is also developing its own applications for using AI, such as coding companion CodeWhisperer, a competitor to Microsoft’s CoPilot.
Amazon hopes it can offer some differentiation over competitors by leaning on Anthropic’s work around trust and safety. The team — which numbers about 190 — first came into existence when a number of OpenAI employees broke away over concerns about the company’s ethical direction. Today, Anthropic’s general chatbot, the affable Claude, bills itself as a safer alternative to the more well-known ChatGPT.
When I asked Claude to describe their differences, it said: “My training data and model architecture were designed to align with human values. ChatGPT’s goals and training data are less transparent.”
There is still a lot unknown about the specifics of Amazon’s investment, such as the size of the stake it is getting for its money — Anthropic was valued at almost US$5 billion earlier this year — or the terms in which Amazon’s initial US$1.25 billion injection might turn into US$4 billion. Still, the deal should do much to settle investors’ concerns that Amazon was lagging behind on AI. If it proves to be a fruitful partnership, it will put Amazon very much on the front foot.
Dave Lee is Bloomberg Opinion’s US technology columnist. Previously, he was a San Francisco-based correspondent at the Financial Times and BBC News.
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