Tracking Indian Ocean climate patterns could improve early-warning systems for the El Nino phenomenon, helping save lives and billions of dollars lost each year to the severe weather it causes.
In a paper published in Nature Geoscience, researchers in Japan and France said their new forecast model could predict an El Nino 14 months ahead of time, several months earlier than with current methods.
“It is important because ... this helps to improve El Nino forecasts. It can save a lot of money for agriculture,” lead researcher Takeshi Izumo at the Research Institute for Global Change in Yokohama, Japan, said by telephone.
The El Nino phenomenon is a climate pattern that occurs periodically over the Pacific Ocean and is well known for the havoc it wreaks, such as floods, droughts and other forms of severe weather.
Developing countries heavily dependent on agriculture and fishing are most badly affected, though the 1997-1998 El Nino cost the US an estimated US$25 billion, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said.
Izumo and his colleagues found that the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the equivalent of an El Nino in the Indian Ocean, had a role in causing the phenomenon.
“IOD strongly influences the triggering of El Nino [the following year]. In this study, we did a simple forecast model, we included the IOD index and we can have a very good forecast for the El Nino in the next year,” Izumo said.
“In a way we found a missing piece of the puzzle for triggering an El Nino. We showed here that in addition to the usual causal factor, which is that of warm water volume recharge, there is the IOD which is a very important causal factor for El Nino development,” he said.
Accurate and early prediction of the El Nino can help better mitigate the destruction caused by the phenomenon.
“Because of the overwhelming consequences of El Nino on global weather, ecosystems, and its strong socioeconomic and ecological consequences, El Nino forecasting is important for disaster prevention and impact management, and helps to reduce El Nino-related losses,” Izumo said.
During the 1997 El Nino, one of the strongest recorded, Indonesia suffered a large number of fires, partly caused by drought, he said.
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