Brazil raised the pressure on other countries on Friday ahead of a world climate summit, pledging deep cuts in its greenhouse gases over the next decade that would take its emissions back to 1990s levels.
Latin America’s largest economy is committing to cut its emissions by between 36.1 percent and 38.9 percent from projected 2020 levels, Dilma Rousseff, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s chief of staff, told reporters in Sao Paulo.
Brazil’s emissions would drop to near 1994 levels of 1.7 billion tonnes if the top end of the pledged range is met. That would represent about a 20 percent cut from the 2.1 million tonnes emitted in 2005.
The pledge, while voluntary and not internationally binding, aims to encourage other nations to adopt aggressive cuts and could make a global deal more likely at the summit in Copenhagen next month, which aims to forge a new climate pact.
“With this, Brazil destroys the main argument of the rich countries — that developing countries don’t want to adopt targets,” said Paulo Moutinho, a researcher with the Amazon Institute for Environmental Studies.
“I hope the developed countries are embarrassed by Brazil’s position and adopt more effective targets,” he said.
But Brazil’s proposal contained no specific emissions reduction for industry, meaning much of the weight of the cuts will fall on its vast forestry and agriculture sector.
The cuts, which assume annual economic growth of between 4 percent and 6 percent, would not hamper Brazil’s economy, Environment Minister Carlos Minc said.
“Brazil will grow and develop. We will create more green jobs, more efficient jobs, a cleaner energy matrix, more efficient agriculture,” he said.
Brazil, among the world’s biggest carbon polluters mostly from deforestation, has become a major player in climate negotiations after years of rejecting such talks and saying the onus was entirely on rich countries to cut emissions.
Developing nations such as China and India want rich countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2020.
Rich countries in turn have called on developing countries to do their part by cutting emissions significantly by 2020.
The EU wants developing countries to cut projected 2020 emissions by between 15 percent and 20 percent.
Brazil hopes to nudge other countries to adopt more aggressive emissions targets. But wary of undermining its negotiating strategy, the government says its new goal is a domestic target and not internationally binding.
The talks in Copenhagen aim to reach agreement to succeed an accord adopted in Kyoto to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are blamed for global warming.
“It’s very positive. Finally Brazil is adopting a target. Two years ago it was a crime to talk about an emissions target in Brazil,” said Joao Talocchi, climate campaign coordinator for environmental group Greenpeace.
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