Pakistan agreed on Monday to suspend military offensives and impose Islamic law in part of the restive northwest, making a gesture it hoped would help calm the Taliban insurgency while rejecting Washington’s call for tougher measures against the militants.
A US defense official called the deal “a negative development,” and some Pakistani experts expressed skepticism the truce would decrease violence. One human rights activist said the accord was “a great surrender” to militants.
Elsewhere in the northwest, missiles fired by a suspected a suspected US spy plane killed 30 people in a house used by an extremist commander, witnesses said. It was the deadliest of almost three dozen apparent US attacks on al-Qaeda and Taliban targets in the semi-autonomous tribal lands close to the Afghan border since last year.
Monday’s peace agreement applies to the Malakand region, which includes the former tourist destination of the Swat Valley, where extremists have gained sway by beheading people, burning girls schools and attacking security forces since a similar agreement broke down in August.
US officials complained the earlier accord allowed militants to regroup and rearm and urged Pakistan’s government to concentrate on military solutions to the insurgency in the rugged frontier region, where al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden is believed to be hiding.
The new agreement intensified that unease.
“It is hard to view this as anything other than a negative development,” a senior US Defense Department official said.
He spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of relations with Pakistan and because he was not authorized to speak on the record.
A White House spokesman, Tommy Vietor, said later: “We have seen the press reports and are in touch with the government of Pakistan about the ongoing situation in Swat.”
Speaking in India, US President Barack Obama’s special envoy for the region, Richard Holbrooke, did not directly address Pakistan’s peace effort in Malakand.
But he said the rise of the Taliban in Swat was a reminder that the US, Pakistan and India face an “an enemy which poses direct threats to our leadership, our capitals and our people.”
The government in northwestern Pakistan announced the deal after officials met with local Islamic leaders who have long demanded that Islamic, or Shariah, law be followed in this staunchly conservative corner of Pakistan.
Among the participants was a pro-Taliban cleric who authorities said would return to Swat and tell militants there to disarm, although there was no mention in the agreement of any need for extremists to give up their weapons.
Many analysts questioned whether the fighters would listen to the cleric and said they doubted the deal would stop violence. Critics asked why authorities were responding to the demands of a militant group that has waged a reign of terror.
“This is simply a great surrender, a surrender to a handful of forces who work through rough justice and brute force,” said Athar Minallah, a lawyer and civil rights activist. “Who will be accountable for those hundreds of people who have been massacred in Swat? And they go and recognize these forces as a political force. This is pathetic.”
The Swat Taliban, which had said on Sunday it would observe a 10-day ceasefire in support of the government’s initiative, welcomed the deal.
“Our whole struggle is for the enforcement of Shariah law,” Swat Taliban spokesman Muslim Khan said. “If this really brings us the implementation of Shariah, we will fully cooperate with it.”
Several war-weary residents interviewed in the Swat area welcomed the announcement.
“We just want to see an end to this bloody fighting,” teacher Fazal Wadood said. “We do not mind what way it comes. It is no problem if it comes through the Islamic system.”
Pakistan’s shaky civilian government is under intense domestic pressure to retake control of the Swat Valley, although many Islamist lawmakers and other Islamic groups have urged it to negotiate with the militants.
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