African and other poor countries at a UN conference pushed yesterday for a ban on toxic waste exports, saying it would protect them from a steady stream of dangerous chemicals and old electronics damaging their health and the environment.
But activists and some delegates said the proposal was running into opposition from the US, Japan and even India over concerns it would stifle growing recycling industries in the developed world that are booming amid the rising price of metals.
“Countries in every part of the world are split over the ban,” said Agus Purnomo, head of Indonesia’s delegation, which supports the proposed ban.
“Some want it to go into effect immediately, while others would like it to include language that reflects new developments on technology on waste management,” he said, noting that while many nations have improved capacity to manage waste, others continue to lag far behind.
The ban is the boldest attempt at the conference to strengthen the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. The 1989 convention allows the 170 parties to ban imports and requires exporters to gain consent before sending toxic materials abroad.
But critics say the accord has failed to stem the flow of toxic waste and keep pace with a rapidly changing trade that is increasingly global in nature. They argue that insufficient funds, widespread corruption and the absence of the US as a participant have undermined the pact, leaving millions of poor people exposed to heavy metals, PCBs and other toxins.
Many delegates from the developing world say the only way to bolster the convention’s effectiveness is to bring an export ban into force.
“The ban is very important because that is what will reassure us that people aren’t coming to dump any of these things on our shores anymore,” Nigerian Environment Minister Halima Tayo Alao said.
“These products are hazardous and the lives of our people are continuously being put on the line by dumping them on our shores,”Alao said.
An amendment calling for a ban was first proposed in 1995, but not enough of the convention’s members have ratified it. It has resulted in some regions, including the EU, enforcing the ban while the rest of the developed world largely ignores it.
Delegates announced a number of lesser measures to improve the pact, including industry-supported guidelines for disposing of cell phones and an agreement to start similar discussions for old computer equipment.
Supporters said such voluntary measures could lead to the creation of certified recycling facilities, which would be especially significant in developing countries where old electronics equipment ends up polluting landfills or is burned in open pits. The hope, too, is that many of the countries would use the guidelines to create their own recycling laws for consumer goods.
Rick Goss of the Information Technology Industry Council, which includes most major computer and printer manufacturers, said the guidelines would offer a universal framework that would give the industry confidence its products were being recycled responsibly.
“Electronics do need to be managed properly, not only because of the landfill space issue but because they include compounds of concern,” Goss said. “We want to make sure that we don’t have the human health and environmental impacts that have been documented in certain countries when electronics aren’t being properly managed.”
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