The Rohingya are a predominantly Muslim ethnic group that for centuries has called the area that is now majority Buddhist Myanmar home. Since a Burmese citizenship law — in which Rohingya were not recognized as one of the country’s 135 ethnic groups — was passed in 1982, the Rohingya have effectively been stateless within their own country.
Although many historians say Muslims have lived in this area since the 12th century, large numbers of Rohingya laborers migrated from today’s India and Bangladesh to what is now Myanmar during the more than 100 years of British rule (1824-1948), when such migration would have been considered internal.
After independence in 1948, the government deemed this migration to have been illegal, and this is why the Myanmar government refuses to give the Rohingya Muslims citizenship.
Photo: AFP
圖：法新社
Myanmar considers them to be Bangladeshi; Bangladesh says the Rohingya are Burmese.
Recent killings attributed by the government to armed Rohingya in Myanmar’s Rakhine State has led to an army crackdown — which the UN has said includes actions such as extrajudicial killing, rape and arson — and a mass exodus of over half a million Rohingya.
The UN has condemned the ongoing violence, with one official describing the campaign as “textbook ethnic cleansing.”
Photo: AFP
圖：法新社
Bangladesh now has a plan to build an enormous refugee camp of approximately 1,200 hectares for over 800,000 Rohingya refugees in Kutupalong near the Myanmar border.
(Paul Cooper, Taipei Times)
羅興亞人這一族群主要信奉伊斯蘭教，已在緬甸定居數世紀，並視之為家園，不過大部分的緬甸居民為佛教徒。一九八二年緬甸公民法通過，在緬甸政府所承認的該國一百三十五個族群中，羅興亞人並未列入，此後羅興亞人在自己國家中實際上成了無國籍的人。
Photo: Reuters
圖：路透社
雖然許多歷史學家說穆斯林自十二世紀以來一直住在這個地區，但在受英國統治的一百多年期間（西元一八二四年至一九四八年），大批羅興亞勞工由現今屬印度和孟加拉之地區移居緬甸，這在當時是屬於境內的遷徙。
一九四八年緬甸獨立後，緬甸政府認定該期間移居為非法，因而拒絕給予羅興亞穆斯林公民身份。
緬甸政府認為羅興亞人是孟加拉人；而孟加拉政府說羅興亞人是緬甸人。
Photo: AFP
圖：法新社
若開邦的武裝羅興亞人最近被指控犯下數起殺戮，緬甸政府隨後展開軍事鎮壓。聯合國說該鎮壓行動包括非法處決、強姦和縱火等，並造成超過五十萬羅興亞人大規模流亡。
針對目前仍持續進行的暴力行為，聯合國已加以譴責。一名官員將這一波軍事鎮壓形容為「標準的種族淨化」。
孟加拉現已計劃在靠近緬甸邊境的庫圖帕朗，替為數約八十萬的羅興亞難民建造一個面積達約一千兩百公頃的大型難民營。
（台北時報編譯林俐凱譯）
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been used in cooking for over a century to enhance flavor. It is often found in Chinese dishes and many other cuisines. Despite its common use, many people misunderstand the safety of MSG. The bad __1__ of MSG started in the late 1960s, when a letter to the New England Journal of Medicine described symptoms like a racing heart, weakness, and numbness after the writer ate Northern Chinese food. While no specific cause was __2__, a series of questionable studies in 1968 began to point the finger at MSG. In one such study, neurologist Herbert Schaumburg and
Even as he grows older, Microsoft founder Bill Gates still fondly remembers the catalytic computer code he wrote 50 years ago that opened up a new frontier in technology. Although the code that Gates printed out on a teletype machine may look crude compared to what’s powering today’s artificial intelligence platforms, it played a critical role in creating Microsoft in April 1975 — a golden anniversary that the Redmond, Washington, company celebrated on April 4. Gates, 69, set the stage for that jubilee with a blog post reminiscing on how he and his old high school friend — the late Paul Allen
A: The World Expo 2025 is about to open in Osaka. Is Taiwan going to participate in the event too? B: Sure, the Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA) will launch a Taiwan pavilion named “Tech World.” A: That sounds cool, and it can showcase our national strength in technology. B: The theme is “Connecting the world to create better future lives together.” The pavilion aims to attract over one million visitors. A: I hope humans can really create better future lives through this year’s fair. A: 2025年世博會即將開幕，這次台灣也會參加嗎？ B: 當然啦，外貿協會的台灣館將以「Tech World」名義參展！ A: 聽起來蠻酷的，應該是想強調台灣的科技實力。 B: 策展主題則是：「連結世界，共創未來美好生活」，希望能吸引到100萬人次參訪。 A: 希望藉由這次世博會，人類真的能共創美好生活。 （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張迪）
The study had several issues. Small sample sizes made it hard to draw __7__ conclusions. Additionally, taking a __8__ like pure MSG on an empty stomach is likely to make a person ill in any case. Choosing individuals who already had a history of the symptoms could have created a bias because they were likely to __9__ the reactions again. When real scientific research on the effects of MSG was eventually done, many of the myths surrounding it were proven __10__. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other global organizations have found MSG safe to eat. Today, MSG
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