歡迎閱讀《週末科學版》!我們每週六都要為你介紹可以在家中進行的有趣科學實驗。你可以在《科學日誌》中記錄自己做了哪些活動,這樣就可以將所學的記錄下來,比較這些結果,也許還可以利用它們來設計新的實驗!先看一下《科學日誌》的點子再開始吧。展開實驗之前,記得要獲得大人許可喔!
If somebody told you to mix salt and pepper together, that would be easy. But what would you do if they told you separate them? You might consider taking a pair of tweezers and carefully separating them grain by grain. That method would work, but it would take you hours. Luckily there’s an easier way and it’s not just a lot quicker — it will also teach you an important principle of chemistry.
如果有人要你把鹽巴和胡椒粉混在一起,那很簡單。但若是要你把鹽巴和胡椒粉分開呢?你可能會想拿一支鑷子,一粒一粒地把它們分開。那方法固然可行,卻可能花上你好幾個小時。幸好,我們有一種更簡單的方式,不僅可以節省許多時間,也可以讓你學會一個重要的化學原理。
What you will need: salt, pepper, a funnel, filter paper, a spatula, a kettle and two glass jars
PHOTO: EPA
(JOHN PHILLIPS, STAFF WRITER)
實驗所需:鹽、胡椒粉、一個漏斗、濾紙、一把抹刀、一個水壺和兩個玻璃罐
(翻譯:袁星塵)
CREATE THE MIXTURE 製作混合物
Step 1: Find a suitable area to conduct the experiment, then gather the materials. This experiment involves boiling water, so you might need a parent around to help you.
Step 2: Mix a quarter cup of salt with a quarter cup of pepper in your jar. Stir with the spatula until they are completely mixed.
Step 3: Fill the kettle with water and boil it. Pour the boiling water into the jar with the salt and pepper mixture. Be very careful or ask a parent to do this for you. Stir the mixture.
步驟一:找一個適合進行實驗的地方,然後準備好所需材料。這個實驗會用到滾水,所以需要家長從旁協助。
步驟二:在罐子裡加入四分之一杯的鹽和四分之一杯的胡椒粉。用抹刀充分攪拌到完全混合。
步驟三:將水壺裝滿水,然後煮沸。將沸騰的水倒入裝有鹽巴和胡椒粉混合物的罐中。這裡要非常小心,或請家長幫忙做這個步驟。攪拌混合物。
SEPARATE THE MIXTURE 篩離混合物
Step 1: Put the filter paper into the funnel, and then put them both in an empty jar. Take the jar containing the mixture and slowly pour it into the funnel. Do this very slowly.
Step 2: When all the mixture has been transferred to the jar, take a good look at the filter paper. There should be particles on the paper. What do you think they are?
Step 3: Scrape the particles off the filter paper and transfer them to the empty jar.
Step 4: Put the jars on a baking tray and then put them in an oven and heat until all the water has evaporated. When the jars have cooled down, examine the contents. One jar will contain salt, and the other one will contain pepper!
步驟一:把濾紙放入漏斗中,然後將這個裝有濾紙的漏斗放進在一個空罐子裡。接著把裝有混合物那個罐子內的混合物緩緩倒入漏斗中,要很緩慢地倒。
步驟二:當混合物全都被倒入罐中後,仔細觀察濾紙,紙上應該會有一些顆粒。你覺得它們是什麼?
步驟三:把這些顆粒從濾紙上刮下來,放入另一個空罐中。
步驟四:把這兩個罐子放到烤盤上,放入烤箱,然後加熱至所有水份都蒸發。等罐子冷卻後,檢驗其內容物。其中一個罐子裡會是鹽巴,另一個則是胡椒粉!
HOW IT WORKS 實驗原理
The principle behind this experiment is solubility. Solubility refers to the ability of a solid to dissolve in water or other liquid. The chemical that dissolves is called the solute, the liquid that causes it to dissolve is called the solvent, while the final mixture is called the solution.
From this experiment, we can conclude that salt is water-soluble because it dissolved in the hot water. The pepper is not water-soluble which is why it got caught on the filter paper.
這個實驗背後的原理是可溶性。可溶性指的就是固體溶於水或其他液體中的能力。被溶解的化學分子稱為溶質,溶解化學分子的液體稱為溶劑,最後的混合物則稱為溶液。
從這個實驗中,我們可以得到一個結論,就是鹽是溶於水的,因為它在熱水中會被溶解,而胡椒粉是不溶於水的,因此會留在濾紙上。
Historians are rethinking the way the Holocaust is being presented in museums as the world marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of the last Nazi concentration camps this month. Shocking images of the mass killings of Jews were “used massively at the end of World War II to show the violence of the Nazis,” historian Tal Bruttmann, a specialist on the Holocaust, told AFP. But in doing so “we kind of lost sight of the fact that is not normal to show” such graphic scenes of mass murder, of people being humiliated and dehumanized, he said. Up to this
A ‘Dutch angle’ is a classic camera technique that has been used in filmmaking since the 1920s, when it was introduced to Hollywood by German Expressionists. Why is it called the Dutch angle if it’s actually German? In fact, it has no __1__ to the Netherlands. The term “Dutch” is widely believed to be a misinterpretation of “Deutsch,” which means German in the German language. In any event, the name stuck, and the Dutch angle remains a popular cinematic tool to this day. This technique involves tilting the camera on its x-axis, skewing the shot to create a sense of
When people listen to music today, they typically use streaming services like YouTube or Spotify. However, traditional formats like vinyl records have regained popularity in recent times. Vinyl records are circular discs that store music in grooves on their surfaces and are played on a turntable. As the turntable’s needle runs along these grooves, it picks up vibrations and translates them into sound. The history of vinyl records dates back to the late 1800s, but material and technological challenges delayed mass production until the 1950s. Despite early versions having short playtimes and poor sound quality, vinyl records introduced a new era
Dos & Don’ts — 想想看,這句話英語該怎麼說? 1. 能做的事都做了。 ˇ All that could be done has been done. χ All that could be done have been done. 註︰all 指事情或抽象概念時當作單數。例如: All is well that ends well. (結果好就是好。) All is over with him. (他已經沒希望了。) That’s all for today. (今天到此為止。) all 指人時應當作複數。例如: All of us are interested in his proposal. All of us are doing our best. 2. 我們這麼做有益於我們的健康。 ˇ What we are doing is good for our health. χ What we are doing are good for our health. 註︰以關係代名詞 what 引導的作為主詞的子句,動詞用單數。如: What he said is true. 3. 大家都沿著步道跑。 ˇ Everybody runs along the trail. χ Everybody run along the trail. 註︰everyone 是指一大群人,但在文法上一般用單數。 4. 桌上有一本筆記本和兩支筆。 ˇ There were two