歡迎閱讀《週末科學版》！我們每週五都要為你介紹可以在家中進行的有趣科學實驗。你可以在《科學日誌》中記錄自己做了哪些活動，這樣就可以將所學的記錄下來，比較這些結果，也許還可以利用它們來設計新的實驗！先看一下《科學日誌》的點子再開始吧。展開實驗之前，記得要獲得大人許可喔！
The first human-powered, heavier-than-air flight took place in North Carolina in 1903. The airplane was designed and built by the Wright brothers, after years of unsuccessful attempts.
Even though the Earth’s gravitational pull is very weak, it’s very difficult to escape it for very long. However, airplanes are somehow able to consistently cheat gravity. In today’s experiment we’re going to show you why airplanes can fly, using only a hairdryer and a ping-pong ball.
PHOTO: AFP
(JOHN PHILLIPS, STAFF WRITER)
世界第一架由人力發動、比空氣還重的飛機，一九Ｏ三年在美國北卡羅萊納州升空，萊特兄弟經過多年失敗的嘗試後，才設計打造了這架飛機。
雖然地心引力十分微弱，但要長時間�?牏O卻極為困難。然而，飛機因為某種原因卻能持續抵抗地心引力。今天的實驗中，我們將利用吹風機和一顆乒乓球來說明飛機的飛行原理。（翻譯：袁星塵）
METHODOLOGY 方法
Turn on the hairdryer and suspend a piece of tissue paper over it. You can identify the direction of the air stream by noticing which way the tissue blows.
Now carefully place the ping-pong ball into the air stream. The ball stays suspended above the hairdryer. Very carefully reach in and pull the ping-pong ball partially out of the air stream. You will notice that the air stream sucks the ball back into it.
With the ball still suspended on the air stream, hold the hairdryer close to a wall. Notice the height of the ball increases.
打開吹風機，把一張衛生紙懸放在其出風口。你可以藉由觀察衛生紙吹動的方向，辨認出氣流的方向。
接著，小心地把乒乓球放置在這股氣流上；乒乓球會飄浮於吹風機上方。非常小心地把手伸近這顆球，將它稍稍拉離氣流。你會發現，氣流會把乒乓球吸回去。
保持乒乓球懸浮在氣流之上，然後把吹風機靠近牆邊。注意觀察球的高度增加多少。
HOW IT WORKS 實驗原理
When the ball is suspended above the hairdryer, the high air pressure beats the Earth’s gravity and the ball floats. When you pull the ball partially out of the air stream, the air arcs round the curvature of the ball creating an area of low pressure. The normal air pressure on the other side of the ball is higher and therefore pushes the ball back in to the air steam.
The reason the pressure drops is based on a principle that states, “when air speeds up, its pressure drops.” When you walk closer to the wall, the air cannot expand anymore so it creates an area of even higher pressure under the ball, which forces the ball higher up.
當球懸浮在吹風機上方時，吹風機吹出的強大氣壓大過地心引力，使球懸浮在空中。當你將球部份拉離這道氣流時，乒乓球周圍循彎曲弧線行進的氣流會使該區氣壓降低。乒乓球另一邊的正常氣流氣壓較高，因此會將球推回原本的氣流。
乒乓球一邊的氣壓之所以會降低，是基於「氣流速度增加時，氣壓會降低」的科學原理。當你走近牆邊，空氣再也無法擴張，以致乒乓球下方形成一個氣壓更高的區域，這股力量迫使乒乓球浮得更高。
AERODYNAMICS 空氣動力學
We still haven’t really explained what allows airplanes to take off and remain in the air. The answer has to do with air pressure and aerodynamics. If you hold your hand out of a moving car window then tilt your hand upwards to force the air to flow down, you’ll notice that your hand seems to rise up.
This is exactly what airplane wings do. Last week we learnt about Newton’s third law, which states that for every action there is an equal an opposite reaction. An airplane wing forces air downwards. The opposite reaction is that the air forces the plane upwards. As long as the wings continue to force air downwards the plane will stay in the air.
我們還沒真正解釋飛機是怎麼飛上天且在空中巡航的；答案和氣壓及空氣動力學有關。如果你在行進中的車上把手伸出窗外，然後把手向上傾翻，迫使空氣向下流動。你會發現，你的手好像會浮升。
這就是飛機機翼的原理。上週我們學過牛頓第三定律，即每個作用力都會有一個等量且方向相反的反作用力。飛機的機翼迫使空氣向下，而反作用力就是迫使飛機上升的氣流，只要機翼持續迫使空氣向下，飛機就會維持在空中。
Street lights are often taken for granted until a power outage plunges the world into darkness. When that happens, the value of these lighting installations becomes evident as the world turns into a more dangerous place for pedestrians and motorists alike. The Chinese could claim to be the first to have constructed a crude type of street light. Around 500 BC, residents of Beijing employed a type of street lamp that used hollow bamboo pipes and natural gas vents to create burning torches. Later, ancient Romans adopted lamps fueled by vegetable oil, which relied on slaves to light and
A: Who else is on Billboard’s list: “The 25 greatest pop stars of the 21st Century?” B: No. 15 to 6 are: Miley Cyrus, Justin Timberlake, Nicki Minaj, Eminem, Usher, Adele, Ariana Grande, Justin Bieber, Kanye West and Britney Spears. A: I can’t believe that Adele’s only at No. 10. B: No. 5 to 1 are: Lady Gaga, Drake, Rihanna, Taylor Swift and Beyonce. A: Well, they surely deserve the honor. A: 《告示牌》雜誌的「21世紀最偉大的25位流行歌手」，還有誰上榜啊？ B: 第15至6名是：麥莉希拉、大賈斯汀、妮姬米娜、阿姆、亞瑟小子、愛黛兒、亞莉安娜、小賈斯汀、肯伊威斯特、小甜甜布蘭妮。 A: 真不敢相信愛黛兒只排第10名。 B: 第5至1名是：女神卡卡、德瑞克、蕾哈娜、泰勒絲、碧昂絲。 A: 這幾位真是實至名歸！ （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張聖恩）
A: The 21st Century is now entering its 25th year. B: So Billboard has released a list: “The 25 greatest pop stars of the 21st Century.” A: Who are the greatest pop singers? B: No. 25 to 16 are: Katy Perry, Ed Sheeran, Bad Bunny, One Direction, Lil Wayne, Bruno Mars, BTS, The Weeknd, Shakira and Jay-Z. A: Wow, my favorite K-pop supergroup BTS has made it to the list. A: 21世紀正在邁入第25個年頭了。 B: 《告示牌》雜誌特別公布：「21世紀最偉大的25位流行歌手」。 A: 最偉大的歌手有哪些？ B: 第25至16名是：凱蒂佩芮、紅髮艾德、壞痞兔、1世代、小韋恩、火星人布魯諾、防彈少年團（BTS）、威肯、夏奇拉、Jay-Z。 A: 哇，我最愛的韓流天團BTS也上榜了！ （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張聖恩）
Spoiler alert and shift blame 破梗&甩鍋 在新冠疫情期間，無論是因為封城 (lockdown) 還是居家隔離 (self-isolation at home)，人們關在家中使用網路的時間大增。這也讓一些原本只存在於網路論壇的用語廣為普及。我們來談一下破梗 (spoiler alert) 與甩鍋 (shift blame) 這兩個用語。 有位古典文學教授 Joel Christensen 針對領導統御與疫情控制寫了一篇以古喻今、相當深入的文章：“Plagues follow bad leadership in ancient Greek tales”，文中出現一些講法，可用來翻譯上述的流行語： In the 5th century B.C., the playwright Sophocles begins Oedipus Tyrannos with the title character struggling to identify the cause of a plague striking his city, Thebes. (Spoiler alert: It’s his own bad leadership.) (Joel Christensen, “Plagues follow bad leadership in ancient Greek tales,” The Conversation, March 12, 2020) 作者提到 Oedipus（伊底帕斯）想找出瘟疫何以降臨他的城邦的緣由，加了一句：Spoiler alert: It’s his own bad leadership.（破梗：領導無方）。Spoiler alert 就是「破梗」，如果用在有人洩漏電影劇情的情境中，也可以翻作「小心爆雷」或「劇透警告」。疫情之下，在家看影集、電影成了很多人的娛樂，但要小心劇透 (spoilers)，很多 YouTube 上的影評在開頭也都會說 Spoiler alert!，警告還沒看過電影的觀眾小心爆雷、劇透。 至於「甩鍋」，源自大陸網民用語，通常意指某人犯了錯之後想推卸責任、轉移焦點、甚至讓別人背黑鍋的做法。疫情爆發後，相關網路資訊量爆增，許多中國網民也想找人為這場疫情負責，紛紛呼籲地方政府首長、地方黨書記不要「甩鍋」。 其實，在古代文學《奧德賽》中，就有「將自己的責任怪罪眾神」的說法，試用時下流行的「甩鍋」來重新翻譯： Humans are always blaming the gods for their suffering, but they experience
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