In a hut built from the leaves of Cambodia's famed sugar-palm tree, a worker sloshes suds into used glass bottles, readying them to be filled with a unique local brew made from the bountiful tree: sugar palm beer.
The labels of international beer brands are scrubbed off bottles by some of the 20 staff here and replaced with stickers bearing the name "Khmer" featuring an image of Angkor Wat and two spiky sugar palms, Cambodia's national tree.
"We are nationalists who love the palm tree ... and this is a tree that can help reduce poverty," Pok Leakreasey says enthusiastically, referring to the 35 members of the local Club of Palm-Tree Lovers who set up the enterprise he directs.
PHOTO: AFP
The cider-like concoction, made from the tree's sap, has a sweet yet mouth-puckeringly tangy flavor. Distribution around the country is widening.
The brew is the brainchild of the club, whose members fear that the tree dotted across the emerald rice paddies of the kingdom, one of the world's poorest countries, is under threat.
Extra cash
PHOTO: AFP
With more than a third of Cambodians earning less than a dollar a day, the US$5 they are paid to sell the wood of a single sugar palm tree to businessmen is an easy way to earn extra cash. Though there are no official figures, reports say clusters of trees have been cut down in the provinces of Kandal, where Daun Mann is located, and neighboring Kampong Speu.
Traditionally, villagers used the sap tapped from the stems where the tree's fruit and flowers grow to make distinctively-flavored palm sugar, an essential addition to spicy curries and other Cambodian specialties. But increased competition from white cane sugar imported from neighboring Thailand, along with the spiralling cost of the firewood needed to help produce the palm sugar, means the trees have lost their luster.
So in 1999, the club successfully persuaded villagers at Daun Mann, a settlement about 30km west of Phnom Penh still studded with sugar palms, to use the sap to make vinegar. Then last year they hit on the tastier idea of using lightly fermented sour palm juice made from the sap, a popular elixir in rural Cambodia, into a carbonated "beer" with an alcohol content of 4.5 percent.
The result was a drink that Pok, 35, is confident has wide appeal.
"Consumer feedback is that the beverage is good and easy to drink," he says.
The factory churns out about 2,400 bottles per day, which are distributed to the capital Phnom Penh, Siem Reap -- the gateway town to the Angkor Wat temple complex -- and Battambang and Kampong Chhnang provinces.
Daun Mann villagers are paid 150 riel (four US cents) per liter of sap, selling up to 2,000 liters per day in total.
Uoch Vorn, 60, who has climbed the slender trees since he was 15, attaching bamboo containers to the stems to collect the sap overnight, is thrilled with the new market, which means he can earn about US$6 per day.
Selling sap
"Selling the sap is easier than making it into sugar. I can sell 150 liters a day doing this," he says, with the knife he uses to slash 25 trees twice a day tucked against his leg.
The drink was at first christened "Naga," but Pok says drinkers suggested the name "Khmer" -- the name of indigenous Cambodian people -- instead, believing they should capitalize on its roots.
"When people hear the words `tom yam' they know they are talking about Thai food," he says, referring to the spicy soup its neighbor is world-renowned for. "We wanted to do a similar thing, because palm trees represent Cambodia."
Kim Sea, who distributes the beer in Siem Reap, says he has already sold Khmer to more than 200 outlets, inclu-ding restaurants and supermarkets, and claims the new brand has been a hit among both tourists and Cambodians.
But he has received some complaints of upset stomachs from the beer, which sells at 1,500 riel (40 US cents) a bottle.
"Some consumers are concerned about the sanitation of the beer production and think it is not good enough," he says, adding that he has passed on the comments to the factory.
He is also encouraging tour guides to tell tourists about the drink, "but they dare not introduce it to them because they are afraid drinking it will cause them problems," he says, sighing.
It's a reflection perhaps of an ingrained wariness even among Cambodians themselves of products made in the kingdom, where there is virtually no industrial base. The beer has quality approval from the ministry of industry.
Pok, meanwhile, is aiming to double production next year when he expands advertising from local radio to national television. He aims to export Khmer, with companies from both Japan and the US taking samples back for study.
"But they have not ordered from us yet," he says, adding he remains hopeful of spreading the Khmer name worldwide.
That US assistance was a model for Taiwan’s spectacular development success was early recognized by policymakers and analysts. In a report to the US Congress for the fiscal year 1962, former President John F. Kennedy noted Taiwan’s “rapid economic growth,” was “producing a substantial net gain in living.” Kennedy had a stake in Taiwan’s achievements and the US’ official development assistance (ODA) in general: In September 1961, his entreaty to make the 1960s a “decade of development,” and an accompanying proposal for dedicated legislation to this end, had been formalized by congressional passage of the Foreign Assistance Act. Two
Despite the intense sunshine, we were hardly breaking a sweat as we cruised along the flat, dedicated bike lane, well protected from the heat by a canopy of trees. The electric assist on the bikes likely made a difference, too. Far removed from the bustle and noise of the Taichung traffic, we admired the serene rural scenery, making our way over rivers, alongside rice paddies and through pear orchards. Our route for the day covered two bike paths that connect in Fengyuan District (豐原) and are best done together. The Hou-Feng Bike Path (后豐鐵馬道) runs southward from Houli District (后里) while the
President William Lai’s (賴清德) March 13 national security speech marked a turning point. He signaled that the government was finally getting serious about a whole-of-society approach to defending the nation. The presidential office summarized his speech succinctly: “President Lai introduced 17 major strategies to respond to five major national security and united front threats Taiwan now faces: China’s threat to national sovereignty, its threats from infiltration and espionage activities targeting Taiwan’s military, its threats aimed at obscuring the national identity of the people of Taiwan, its threats from united front infiltration into Taiwanese society through cross-strait exchanges, and its threats from
March 31 to April 6 On May 13, 1950, National Taiwan University Hospital otolaryngologist Su You-peng (蘇友鵬) was summoned to the director’s office. He thought someone had complained about him practicing the violin at night, but when he entered the room, he knew something was terribly wrong. He saw several burly men who appeared to be government secret agents, and three other resident doctors: internist Hsu Chiang (許強), dermatologist Hu Pao-chen (胡寶珍) and ophthalmologist Hu Hsin-lin (胡鑫麟). They were handcuffed, herded onto two jeeps and taken to the Secrecy Bureau (保密局) for questioning. Su was still in his doctor’s robes at
RSS