South Korea has long felt under-recognized for its many achievements: It built an economic powerhouse from the ruins of a vicious war in just decades and, after years of authoritarian rule, has created one of Asia’s most vibrant democracies.
Now, one South Korean woman, Lee Ki-nam, is determined to wring more recognition from the world with an unusual export: the Korean alphabet. Lee is using a fortune she made in real estate to try to take the alphabet to places where native peoples lack indigenous written systems to record their languages.
Her project had its first success — and generated headlines — in July, when children from an Indonesian tribe began learning the Korean alphabet, called Hangul.
“I am doing for the world’s nonwritten languages what Doctors Without Borders is doing in medicine,” Lee, 75, said in an interview. “There are thousands of such languages. I aim to bring Hangul to all of them.”
While her quest might seem quixotic to non-Koreans, in this country — which has a national holiday called Hangul Day — it is viewed with enormous pride. Newspapers have gushed, and a Korean political party praised her feat in Indonesia — which Lee says involves just 50 children so far — as “a heroic first step toward globalizing Hangul.”
Such effusiveness is tied to Koreans’ attachment to their alphabet — a distinctive combination of circles and lines — and what they believe its endurance says about them as a people. During decades of Japanese colonial rule in the past century, Koreans were banned from using their language and alphabet in business and other official settings; schools were forbidden from teaching the language. Illiteracy in Korean soared, but many Koreans broke the rules to teach the language to their children and others.
Lee’s father, a linguist and professor, secretly taught his children and other students the language. She sees her mission as honoring his legacy, honoring Korea and helping the world.
Kim Ju-won, a linguist at Seoul National University and the president of the Hunminjeongeum Society, which Lee established to propagate Hangul, summarized the mission this way: “By giving unwritten languages their own alphabets, we can help save them from extinction and thus ensure mankind’s linguistic and cultural diversity.”
Still, the country’s linguistic ambitions have already raised some concerns, not long after some Muslim countries complained about South Korea’s missionary zeal in trying to spread Christianity.
In Indonesia, where the government is encouraging its 240 million people to learn a “language of unity,” Bahasa Indonesia, for effective communication among a vast array of ethnic groups, Lee’s project raises delicate issues.
“If this is a kind of hobby, that’s fine,” Nicholas Dammen, the Indonesian ambassador to South Korea, said recently, referring to the decision by the Cia-Cia ethnic minority to adopt Hangul. “But they don’t need to import the Hangul characters. They can always write their local languages in the Roman characters.”
Shin Eun-hyang, an official at the Korean language division of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in Seoul, said: “This is diplomatically sensitive. The government is limited in how much direct support it can provide to such projects.”
The government says it does not provide money to Lee’s group, but she said it offered indirect support by giving linguists grants to pursue their work, which can include teaching Hangul abroad.
Lee started trying to spread Hangul in 2003. She first tried relying on Korean Christian missionaries in Nepal, Mongolia, Vietnam and China. But because the missionaries’ primary concern was religious, not linguistic, she said, none of those programs succeeded.
She later began working with linguists in South Korea, and by 2007 they had an ally. South Korean popular culture — soap operas, music, pop stars — had mesmerized much of Asia.
People like the Cia-Cia, a minority of 60,000 people in Indonesia, were eager to embrace things Korean, according to a Korean documentary shot on their island.
In July last year, Lee led a delegation to Baubau, a town on Buton Island, off southeastern Sulawesi. In meetings with officials and tribal chieftains, she offered to create writing systems and textbooks based on Hangul so they could teach their children their own languages in school. She also offered to build a US$500,000 Korean cultural center and promote economic development.
A deal was signed. Two teachers representing two language groups in Baubau came to Seoul for a six-month training course in Hangul at Seoul National University. One quit, complaining about the cold weather. The other, a Cia-Cia man named Abidin, stayed on. In July, Abidin, using a textbook from South Korea, began teaching the Cia-Cia language, written in Hangul, to 50 third graders in Baubau.
Although Indonesia’s government has not interfered in the Hangul project, Dammen said he feared that the rest of Baubau’s 16 tribes might become jealous of the “special treatment” the Koreans were giving the Cia-Cia.
“If others say, ‘Oh, we can also invite Japan, we can invite Russia, we can invite India, we can invite China, even Arabs,’ then things become messy,” he said.
For Lee, meanwhile, the program for the Cia-Cia is just the beginning of her ambitions for Hangul.
By sharing the script with others, Lee said, she is simply expressing the will of her ancestor King Sejong, who promulgated the script. (She is a direct descendant, 21 generations removed.)
The national holiday, Hangul Day, on Oct. 9, celebrates the king’s introduction of the script in 1446. Before that, Koreans had no writing system of their own. The elite studied Chinese characters to record the meaning, but not the sound, of Korean.
“Many of my illiterate subjects who want to communicate cannot express their concerns,” the king is recorded to have said in explaining the reason for Hunminjeongeum, the original name for Hangul. “I feel sorry for them. Therefore I have created 28 letters.”
“The king propagated Hangul out of love of his people,” Lee said. “It’s time for Koreans to expand his love for mankind by propagating Hangul globally. This is an era of globalization.”
Concerns that the US might abandon Taiwan are often overstated. While US President Donald Trump’s handling of Ukraine raised unease in Taiwan, it is crucial to recognize that Taiwan is not Ukraine. Under Trump, the US views Ukraine largely as a European problem, whereas the Indo-Pacific region remains its primary geopolitical focus. Taipei holds immense strategic value for Washington and is unlikely to be treated as a bargaining chip in US-China relations. Trump’s vision of “making America great again” would be directly undermined by any move to abandon Taiwan. Despite the rhetoric of “America First,” the Trump administration understands the necessity of
US President Donald Trump’s challenge to domestic American economic-political priorities, and abroad to the global balance of power, are not a threat to the security of Taiwan. Trump’s success can go far to contain the real threat — the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) surge to hegemony — while offering expanded defensive opportunities for Taiwan. In a stunning affirmation of the CCP policy of “forceful reunification,” an obscene euphemism for the invasion of Taiwan and the destruction of its democracy, on March 13, 2024, the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) used Chinese social media platforms to show the first-time linkage of three new
If you had a vision of the future where China did not dominate the global car industry, you can kiss those dreams goodbye. That is because US President Donald Trump’s promised 25 percent tariff on auto imports takes an ax to the only bits of the emerging electric vehicle (EV) supply chain that are not already dominated by Beijing. The biggest losers when the levies take effect this week would be Japan and South Korea. They account for one-third of the cars imported into the US, and as much as two-thirds of those imported from outside North America. (Mexico and Canada, while
The military is conducting its annual Han Kuang exercises in phases. The minister of national defense recently said that this year’s scenarios would simulate defending the nation against possible actions the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) might take in an invasion of Taiwan, making the threat of a speculated Chinese invasion in 2027 a heated agenda item again. That year, also referred to as the “Davidson window,” is named after then-US Indo-Pacific Command Admiral Philip Davidson, who in 2021 warned that Chinese President Xi Jinping (習近平) had instructed the PLA to be ready to invade Taiwan by 2027. Xi in 2017
RSS