Wed, Oct 29, 2008 page9

• The next US president will see Asia differently

  Personal history has a role to play, but the effect on policy may yet be limited

  • By Foster Klug / AP
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  For all their political differences, US senators Barack Obama and John McCain share a life-changing, though sharply different, personal experience: They spent long stretches of their early lives in Asia, Obama as a boy in Indonesia, McCain as a prisoner of war in Vietnam.

  Asian relations have not topped the candidates’ list of concerns, with Americans more worried about wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the economy. But whoever wins, the next president will have a perspective on a critical region unlike any of his predecessors.

  “Most Americans don’t know Asia,” said Jonathan Adelman, a professor of international studies at the University of Denver. “These people had intensive, multiyear experiences at important times in their younger life, when it would matter.”

  

  It is difficult to predict how their Asia experiences might influence US policies when either Obama, a Democrat who has a solid lead in most polls, or the Republican McCain takes office in January.

  “But there is clearly some empathy there,” Adelman said. “They’re not going to stereotype the other side after their very intense personal experiences.”

  Other presidents have had ties to Asia. Former US president George Bush was the top US envoy in Beijing in the 1970s for about a year, and he and former president John F. Kennedy both fought in the Pacific in World War II.

  But either Obama or McCain would bring a unique, deeply personal Asia connection to a White House that will face a nuclear-armed, confrontational North Korea; a struggling Pakistan that terrorists are using as a haven to attack US troops in Afghanistan; and an increasingly powerful China that can help or hinder American interests around the world.

  For both, their experience in Asia began the same year: 1967.

  McCain was 31 in October of that year and on his 23rd bombing mission when he was shot down. A mob dragged him from a Hanoi lake, his arms and a knee broken. They stabbed him with bayonets and took him to prison, where he was “dumped in a dark cell and left to die.” McCain tried suicide twice, endured beatings and refused offers of early release. Of his five-and-a-half years of confinement, three were in solitary. McCain, who spent years moving from place to place with his father, an eventual admiral, and during his own time in the Navy, quipped early in his political career: “The place I lived longest in my life was Hanoi.”

  At the Republican National Convention, McCain spoke of how, after he had suffered a particularly bad beating, a prisoner in the next cell said: “Get back up and fight again for our country.”

  He has made the experience a central part of his presidential campaign and is often praised for putting aside past anger to push for normalized US relations with communist Vietnam, despite strong opposition.

  Barbara True-Weber, a political science professor at Meredith College, said McCain’s “perspective has been shaped much more by his military background and his perceptions of threat to American goals.”

  But, she said, his prison experience deepened his “characteristic defiance, insistence on duty and resistance to threatening pressure.”

  Obama has played down his time in Indonesia, the world’s most populous Muslim country, apparently for political reasons; some opponents have spread rumors that Obama, a Christian, was educated in a radical Muslim school.

  In his memoir, Dreams from My Father, however, he writes vividly about leaving his birthplace in Hawaii as a six-year-old to spend four years in Indonesia with his mother and Indonesian stepfather.

  Obama recalls how it took him “less than six months to learn Indonesia’s language, its customs and its legends,” how he became friends with “the children of farmers, servants and low-level bureaucrats” and how he survived chicken pox, measles “and the sting of my teachers’ bamboo switches.”

  He also describes the desperation of farmers beset with drought and floods and how his stepfather taught him, after Obama got in a fight with an older boy, to box.

  “The world was violent, I was learning, unpredictable and often cruel,” he said.

  In 1971, at age 10, Obama’s mother sent him back to Hawaii to live with his grandparents.

  Ralph Cossa, president of the Pacific Forum CSIS think tank, says that people in Southeast Asia see Obama as “one of us,” but “expectations may be too high. When Obama, if elected, does the normal things US presidents do to protect and promote US interests, Asians may be more disappointed that he did not put them first.”

  During the campaign, the candidates’ rhetoric has provided glimpses at policies that could emerge during the next presidency.

  McCain has been skeptical of what critics call the Bush administration’s overeager pursuit of a nuclear deal with North Korea. It is Obama, not McCain, who is likely to follow Bush’s recent multilateral approach more closely.

  McCain has also criticized Obama for saying that, as president, he would authorize unilateral military action if al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden were found in Pakistan and the Pakistani government refused to go after him.

  Cossa said events and national interests drive policy more than personal experiences. Both candidates, he said, “have more experience and association with Southeast Asia than any former US president, but that will not make Southeast Asia a higher priority in Asia, much less in the world.”
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