Clutching a fistful of shopping bags from designers Vivienne Westwood, Dior and Alexander McQueen, 29-year-old Zhao Bing prowled an upscale department store.
“Is there a financial crisis in China? I don’t think it has affected my life very much,” said Zhao, who spent 7,000 yuan (US$1,000) in 90 minutes at Lane Crawford in Beijing’s financial district on what she said was a twice-monthly shopping spree last week. “I still buy those big brands, any one you could think of.”
Some well-heeled Chinese shoppers like Zhao, a film technician who gets an allowance from her parents on top of her salary, are spending freely during the global economic crisis. High-end designers and luxury retailers that thrive on such extravagance are looking to them to drive sales as demand in other countries collapses.
China’s 6 billion euro (US$8 billion) luxury market accounts for just 3 percent of global sales, but China and Brazil are projected to be the two fastest-growing luxury markets for the five years through 2012, consulting firm Bain & Co said.
China’s sales of designer clothing, jewelry and other goods will climb 7 percent this year, while the industry’s worldwide revenue could fall 10 percent, Bain & Co forecast. Last year, luxury sales in China surged 25 percent, while global growth was zero.
Just as more mainstream brands like Starbucks Corp and Yum Brands Inc’s KFC are expanding fast in China, higher-end brands such as Salvatore Ferragamo and Gucci are adding stores there while other retailers have postponed or limited expansion in listless US, European and Japanese markets.
“The China market is growing fast. Beside the global downturn which affects every country, China is quite stable,” Michele Norsa, chief executive of Salvatore Ferragamo SpA, said in an e-mail response to questions. “Definitively, we are optimistic.”
Ferragamo plans to add seven to eight Chinese stores this year, with further expansion next year, Norsa said.
Gucci Group, part of France’s PPR SA, plans to open a flagship store in Shanghai this month after adding three new locations in January. It says its sales in China soared 42 percent last year compared with 2007, 10 times its global growth rate of 4.2 percent.
Gucci said China currently represents one of its most dynamic areas of retail growth. Greater China including Hong Kong and Macau accounted for 14.3 percent of Gucci’s sales last year.
France’s Domaines Barons de Rothschild, producer of Chateau Lafite wine, is developing a vineyard in Shandong Province to serve growing local demand.
China’s luxury shoppers are strikingly young, many of them self-employed or part of a growing professional class. Consulting firm McKinsey & Co said 80 percent were under 45, compared with 30 percent of luxury shoppers in the US and 19 percent in Japan.
Liu Hongyan, a 34-year-old marketing director for a culture magazine in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, just bought a Coach purse to replace her Chanel, two necklaces and a bracelet from Tiffany and some Estee Lauder cosmetics.
“Like many of my friends, my job is stable and not affected by the financial crisis,” she said. “Now that we are finished buying apartments and cars, we are buying luxury goods.”
Growth in China may not be huge in dollar terms, but it helps counter sales declines elsewhere, says Claudia D’Arpizio, a Bain partner in Milan.
“It’s not enough for offsetting completely the stronger decrease in the US, Japan and Europe,” she said.
Fueled by a three-decade-old economic boom that created a still-growing urban elite, China’s appetite for luxury goods is surviving the sharpest global economic slump since the 1930s. But Beijing’s multibillion-dollar stimulus plan appears to be reviving the economy. Recent reports show gains in factory output, retail sales and capital investment.
China’s luxury market is still modest, compared with Europe’s, which accounts for 38 percent of worldwide spending on luxury goods, South and North America’s at 33 percent and Japan’s 12 percent, D’Arpizio said.
By 2015, China will have more than 4 million households with annual income above 250,000 yuan (US$37,000), McKinsey predicted in a recent report. That will make it the world’s fourth-largest country in terms of its number of households with substantial purchasing power after the US, Japan and the UK.
McKinsey said the benchmark was adjusted for purchasing power parity for each country.
And most of that money likely will be spent in China. McKinsey said its research found wealthy Chinese do 70 percent of their luxury spending at home, contrary to the industry wisdom that Chinese people make at least half their purchases abroad.
“We know Chinese consumers will continue to spend on luxury items,” Norsa said. “After all, it is a very big pond and in it there is space for many.”
Companies are expanding inland to cities like Chengdu to reach customers “who can already afford and who will aspire to the image projected by luxury brands,” D’Arpizio said.
Many Chinese, of course, can’t afford these brands and opt for knock-offs. From fake Gucci wallets to Chanel bags, they are widely available despite repeated government crackdowns. Some are so well-made that only experts can spot them.
Wu Yang, a 25-year-old Beijing event planner, bought counterfeit Louis Vuitton and Gucci bags on a recent trip to Shanghai. She said vendors wanted between 300 yuan and 500 yuan for a bag, compared with between 5,000 yuan and 10,000 yuan for the real thing.
Her next goal: the latest counterfeit Balenciaga bag.
“I can afford it and nobody can tell it’s not real,” Wu said. “This represents a girl’s dream for big brands.”
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